Chloride ion batteries (CIBs) are a promising type of energy storage device due to their high theoretical volumetric energy density and abundant reserves of chlorine-containing precursors. However, the unsatisfactory cycling performance and structural instability of cathode materials hinder their practical application. In this work, layered double hydroxides (LDHs), which consist of a trimetallic NiVAl hydroxide host matrix and interlayer Cl − , are demonstrated to be high-performance cathode materials for CIBs. The Ni 2 V 0.9 Al 0.1 -Cl LDH is capable of delivering a high initial capacity of 312.2 mAh g −1 at 200 mA g −1 and an ultralong life over 1000 cycles (with a capacity higher than 113.8 mAh g −1 ). Such a long cycling life exceeds that of any reported CIBs. The remarkable Cl − -storage performance of the Ni 2 V 0.9 Al 0.1 -Cl LDH is ascribed to the synergetic contributions from V m+ (high redox activity), Ni 2+ (favorable electronic structure), and inactive Al 3+ (enhances the structural stability), which is revealed by a comprehensive study that utilizes synchrotron X-ray absorption near-edge structure experiments, kinetic investigations, and theoretical calculations. This study provides an effective strategy to achieve superior rechargeable batteries, which are applicable to large-scale energy storage and power grids.room-temperature chloride ion batteries (CIBs) based on Cl − shuttling [6][7][8][9][10] have attracted intensive attention as a result of their large theoretical volumetric energy density (up to 2500 Wh L −1 ). [11] In addition, the abundance of chloride-containing materials and their availability worldwide not only lower the costs but also enable manufacturing all over the world. Another key advantage of CIBs is their dendritefree feature, which is derived from the simple migration of Cl − , making CIB systems more secure and suitable for large-scale energy storage. [12] Since the first proof that the reversible shuttle of chloride ions between a metal chloride cathode (BiCl 2 , CoCl 2 , and VCl 3 ) and a lithium anode was proposed by Zhao et al., [5] metal oxychlorides [6,13] and chloride-doped organic polymers, [14,15] such as PPy and PANI, have been subsequently demonstrated as possible electrode materials in CIBs. Although some progress has been made in CIB cathode materials during the past few years, it is still at the initial stage compared with the development of metal-ion batteries. One urgent issue to be solved is their short cycling life; i.e., most of these cathode materials can only sustain dozens of charge/discharge cycles with a moderate capacity of ≈40−100 mAh g −1 . Therefore, exploiting suitable Cl − -hosting cathode materials with a simultaneous high capacity and long cycling life is a top priority for the development of rechargeable CIBs.Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), whose structure can be generally expressed by the formula [M II 1−x M III x (OH) 2 ] (A n− ) x/n ·mH 2 O (M II and M III are divalent and trivalent metals respectively, and A n− is an interlayer anion co...

NiFe–Cl layered double hydroxide (LDH) is proposed as a high-capacity and long lifetime cathode material for chloride ion batteries (CIBs), which delivers a maximum capacity of 350.6 mA h g−1 and a long lifetime of 800 cycles.

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NiFe saponite was discovered for the first time as a new anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries, delivering a high capacity of 646 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles with a charge/discharge density of 500 mA g−1.

As one kind of promising energy storage device, chloride ion batteries (CIBs) have attracted extensive attention due to their sustainability, safety, and high theoretical volumetric energy density. However, the limited cathode materials with low structural stability and poor cyclic performance hinder the development of CIBs. In this work, NiMn layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoplates with Cl − intercalation were grafted on carbon nanotube (CNT) backbone by a coprecipitation method. The as-prepared NiMn-Cl LDH/CNT hybrid material displays a cross-linked network with well-defined core−shell configuration and enlarged surface area. Under the electrochemical cycling, Cl − (de)intercalation causes the reversible evolution of the basal distance and the redox reaction of Ni and Mn on the host layer of NiMn-Cl LDH. Because of the improved electric conductivity by the introduction of CNT, the NiMn-Cl LDH/CNT hybrid exhibits enhanced rate performance and satisfied Cl − migration coefficients of 10 −10 −10 −12 cm 2 s −1 . Besides, the reversible reaction mechanism of Cl − (de)intercalation endows the LDH/CNT hybrid a stable capacity of ∼130 mAh g −1 after 150 cycles. The robust layered structure and highly reversible redox pairs enable the NiMn-Cl LDH/CNT hybrid to show high capacity and long cycle life, making this kind of hybrid material a promising cathode material for CIBs.

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A CoFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) pillared by nitrates as an anode for sodium ion batteries exhibits high capacity with excellent cycling stability. An exceptional intercalation/de-intercalation mechanism for Na+ storage has been revealed in metal hydroxides, rather than the routinely believed conversion reaction presenting in lithium ion batteries.

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