Intracellular glutathione
(GSH) is critical for cisplatin-resistant
cancers by maintaining the redox balance. Amplifying the intracellular
oxidative stress by disrupting the redox balance is an effective method
for the treatment of cancers. Therefore, we design a mesoporous silica
(MS) nanosystem coated by hyaluronic acid (HA) to codeliver l-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and cisplatin prodrug (DSCP) (defined
as Pt/BSO-MS-HA). The intracellular GSH could react with DSCP in Pt/BSO-MS-HA,
which could release free cisplatin for chemotherapy, and the BSO block
the synthesis of GSH, leading to GSH depletion and disrupting the
redox balance. Moreover, HA provides homotypic binding capacities
and superior immune evasion, which significantly enhance the cell
uptake of Pt/BSO-MS-HA and tumor accumulation. In in vivo studies,
Pt/BSO-MS-HA could efficiently inhibit tumor growth and showed no
obvious side effects. Our study provides an effective strategy to
develop biocompatible drug delivery nanosystem by disrupting the redox
balance in cancer cells, which significantly increase the therapeutic
efficiency of cancer chemotherapy.
Head and neck cancer is the 7th most common cancer in the world and the primary treatment is surgical resection. Optical probes have shown great potential for application in image‐guided surgery to delineate tumor margins more accurately. Special biomarkers that are aberrant in tumors are considered in tumor‐targeting strategies. Targeted fluorescent probes can enable accurate visualization of tumor margins with appropriate targeting strategies, thereby providing better sensitivity and specificity. In this review, the preclinical evidence on optical probes that have been developed with specific targeting strategies is summarized and challenges in the clinical translation of novel targeted fluorescent probes are discussed.
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