Human BATF2, a basic leucine zipper protein, was recently detected in several normal immortalized cell lines but not in transformed cell lines. In addition, the expression of BATF2 also slowed the growth rate of malignant tumor cells injected into athymic nude mice. In this study, to study the role of BATF2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we examined BATF2 expression in 50 paired HCC tumorous and nontumorous tissues, as well as in five HCC cell lines. Moreover, BATF2 expression in 114 HCC patients was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis was investigated. We found that BATF2 expression was significantly reduced in most HCC tumorous tissues, when compared with nontumorous tissues, as well as in the five HCC cell lines. Consistent with these results, the immunohistochemistry revealed that decreased BATF2 expression was present in 63 of the 114 cases and was significantly correlated with age (p 5 0.006), tumor size (p 5 0.046) and tumor differentiation (p 5 0.030). Patients with negative BATF2 expression showed a shorter survival than those with positive expression (p 5 0.016). Multivariate analysis revealed that BATF2 expression was an independent predictor of overall survival (p 5 0.015). All the data support the hypothesis that BATF2 plays an important role in the progression of HCC and that it may work as a candidate tumor suppressor and a prognostic marker as well as a potential target for treatment.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks as the fifth most common malignant disorder and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. 1 Although it is especially prevalent in certain areas of Asia and Africa, an increasing incidence in western countries, including the United States, has recently been observed. 2 The prognosis of HCC remains poor despite advances in surgical or locoregional therapies. The search for an effective and efficient therapy for HCC is still ongoing. 3 With the increasing understanding of the tumor biology of HCC, more and more molecular markers with high sensitivity and specificity for HCC have been found and could be helpful for early diagnosis and the development of future targeted HCC therapeutics.Human BATF2, a member of the BATF subfamily of basic leucine zipper proteins, is also called SARI because it can be regulated by interferon and serves as a suppressor of AP-1 in human cells. 4 Recently, it was found that mRNA expression of BATF2 was detected in normal immortalized, but not malignant, human cell lines, and that the forced expression of BATF2 inhibited the growth of cancer cells. 4 These findings are consistent with the characteristics of many tumor suppressor proteins. However, the role of BATF2 in human malignancies still needs further confirmation using a large number of clinical samples.In this study, we determined the expression of BATF2 in primary HCC using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting and immunohistochemistry and investigated the...
BackgroundHigh frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was found at D7S486 in primary gastric cancer (GC). And we found a high frequency of LOH region on 7q31 in primary GC from China, and identified D7S486 to be the most frequent LOH locus. This study was aimed to determine what genes were affected by the LOH and served as tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in this region. Here, a high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) microarray fabricated in-house was used to analyze the LOH status around D7S486 on 7q31 in 75 patients with primary GC. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR were used to assess the protein and mRNA expression of TESTIN (TES) in 50 and 140 primary GC samples, respectively. MTS assay was used to investigate the effect of TES overexpression on the proliferation of GC cell lines. Mutation and methylation analysis were performed to explore possible mechanisms of TES inactivation in GC.ResultsLOH analysis discovered five candidate genes (ST7, FOXP2, MDFIC, TES and CAV1) whose frequencies of LOH were higher than 30%. However, only TES showed the potential to be a TSG associated with GC. Among 140 pairs of GC samples, decreased TES mRNA level was found in 96 (68.6%) tumor tissues when compared with matched non-tumor tissues (p < 0.001). Also, reduced TES protein level was detected in 36 (72.0%) of all 50 tumor tissues by Western blot (p = 0.001). In addition, immunohistochemical staining result was in agreement with that of RT-PCR and Western blot. Down regulation of TES was shown to be correlated with tumor differentiation (p = 0.035) and prognosis (p = 0.035, log-rank test). Its overexpression inhibited the growth of three GC cell lines. Hypermethylation of TES promoter was a frequent event in primary GC and GC cell lines. However, no specific gene mutation was observed in the coding region of the TES gene.ConclusionsCollectively, all results support the role of TES as a TSG in gastric carcinogenesis and that TES is inactivated primarily by LOH and CpG island methylation.
Golgi phosphoprotein 2 (GOLPH2) has been associated with the development and progression of various human cancers. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between GOLPH2 and gastric cancer (GC) progression and explore the clinical significance of GOLPH2 in GC. GOLPH2 expression was examined in four pairs of primary GC tissues and the adjacent non-cancerous tissues from the same patients, using immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative PCR and western blotting. Furthermore, GOLPH2 protein expression was analyzed in 10 normal gastric tissues and 385 clinicopathologically characterized cases of GC by IHC. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the prognostic and diagnostic associations. GOLPH2 mRNA and protein expression were both markedly upregulated in GC tissues, compared with the paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues. The Chi-square test and Spearman analysis revealed a significant correlation between GOLPH2 expression and clinical stage, T classification, lymph node metastasis, metastasis and venous invasion. Patients with a higher GOLPH2 expression had a shorter overall survival (OS), compared to patients with lower GOLPH2 expression. Notably, our results suggested that GOLPH2 is associated with the development and progression of GC. Therefore, additional studies focusing on the potential of GOLPH2 as a novel therapeutic target in GC are required.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.