from Jan. 22 to Mar. 5, 2020. Methods: A total of 34 patients were divided into two groups, including those who required noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) with additional extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in 11 patients. Clinical features of COVID-19 patients were described and the parameters of clinical characteristics between the two groups were compared. Results: The rates of the acute cardiac and kidney complications were higher in IMV cases than those in NIV cases. Most patients had lymphocytopenia on admission, with lymphocyte levels dropping progressively on the following days, and the more severe lymphopenia developed in the IMV group. In both groups, T lymphocyte counts were below typical lower limit norms compared to B lymphocytes. On admission, both groups had higher than expected amounts of plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), which over time declined more in NIV patients. The prothrombin time was increased and the levels of platelet, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and IL-6 were higher in IMV cases compared with NIV cases during hospitalization. Conclusions: Data showed that the rates of complications, dynamics of lymphocytopenia, and changes in levels of platelet, hemoglobin, BUN, D-dimer, LDH and IL-6, and prothrombin time in these ICU patients were significantly different between IMV and NIV cases.

digital data processors, but others remain time-consuming. In particular, the rapidly increasing volume of image data as well as increasingly challenging computational tasks have become important driving forces for further improving the efficiency of image processing and analysis.Quantum information processing (QIP), which exploits quantum-mechanical phenomena such as quantum superpositions and quantum entanglement [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], allows one to overcome the limitations of classical computation and reaches higher computational speed for certain problems like factoring large numbers [24,25] , searching an unsorted database [26], boson sampling [27][28][29][30][31][32], quantum simulation [33-40], solving linear systems of equations [41][42][43][44][45], and machine learning [46][47][48]. These unique quantum properties, such as quantum superposition and quantum parallelism, may also be used to speed up signal and data processing [49,50]. For quantum image processing, quantum image representation (QImR) plays a key role, which substantively determines the kinds of processing tasks and how well they can be performed. A number of QImRs [51-54] have been discussed.In this article, we demonstrate the basic framework of quan-arXiv:1801.01465v1 [quant-ph]

Quantum computers have the potential of solving certain problems exponentially faster than classical computers. Recently, Harrow, Hassidim and Lloyd proposed a quantum algorithm for solving linear systems of equations: given an N × N matrix A and a vector b, find the vector x that satisfies A x = b. It has been shown that using the algorithm one could obtain the solution encoded in a quantum state |x using O(log N ) quantum operations, while classical algorithms require at least O(N ) steps. If one is not interested in the solution x itself but certain statistical feature of the solution x|M |x (M is some quantum mechanical operator), the quantum algorithm will be able to achieve exponential speedup over the best classical algorithm as N grows. Here we report a proof-of-concept experimental demonstration of the quantum algorithm using a 4-qubit nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantum information processor. For all the three sets of experiments with different choices of b, we obtain the solutions with over 96% fidelity. This experiment is a first implementation of the algorithm. Because solving linear systems is a common problem in nearly all fields of science and engineering, we will also discuss the implication of our results on the potential of using quantum computers for solving practical linear systems.

Abstract-Stencil printing continues to be the dominant method of solder deposition in high-volume surface-mount assembly. Con trol of the amount of solder paste deposited is critical in the case of fine-pitch and ultrafine-pitch surface-mount assembly. The process is still not well understood as indicated by the fact that industry re ports 52-71% surface-mount technology (SMT) defects are related to the solder paste stencil printing process.The purpose of this paper is to identify the critical variables that influence the volume, area, and height of solder paste deposited. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of relevant process parameters on the amount of solder paste deposited for ball grid arrays (BGAs) and quad flat packages (QFPs) of five dif ferent pitches ranging from 0.76 mm (30 mil) to 0.3 mm (12 mil). The effects of aperture size, aperture shape, board finish, stencil thickness, solder type, and print speed were examined. The de posited solder paste was measured by an inline fully automatic laser-based three-dimensional (3-D) triangulation solder paste in spection system. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that aperture size and stencil thickness are the two most critical variables. A linear relationship between transfer ratio (defined as the ratio of the deposited paste volume to the stencil aperture volume) and area ratio (defined as the ratio of the area of the aperture opening to the area of the aperture wall) is proposed. The analysis indicates that the selection of a proper stencil thickness is the key to controlling the amount of solder paste deposited, and that the selection of maximum stencil thickness should be based on the area ratio. The experimental results are shown to be consistent with a theoretical model, which will also be described in this paper.Index Terms-Analysis of variance (ANOVA), area ratio, design of experiment, solder paste, stencil printing, transfer ratio.

Screen printing has been the dominant method of thick film deposition because of its low cost. Many experiments in industry have

Background: Although people of all ages are susceptible to the novel coronavirus infection, which is presently named "Coronavirus Disease 2019" (COVID-19), there has been relatively few cases reported among children. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children and the differences from adults. Case presentation: We report one pediatric case of COVID-19. A 14-month-old boy was admitted to the hospital with a symptom of fever, and was diagnosed with a mild form of COVID-19. The child's mother and grandmother also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. However, the lymphocyte counts were normal. The chest computed tomography (CT) revealed scattered ground glass opacities in the right lower lobe close to the pleura and resorption after the treatment. The patient continued to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the nasopharyngeal swabs and stool at 17 days after the disappearance of symptoms. Conclusion: The present pediatric case of COVID-19 was acquired through household transmission, and the symptoms were mild. Lymphocyte counts did not significantly decrease. The RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in stool and nasopharyngeal swabs remained positive for an extended period of time after the disappearance of symptoms. This suggests that attention should be given to the potential contagiousness of pediatric COVID-19 cases after clinical recovery.

Early haemoperfusion (HP) therapy has been found to be very effective in acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning, but the effective rescue window is still uncertain. Demographic data and the type of therapies administered of 621 patients were included as confounding factors in this retrospective study. After receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and intra-group/subgroup analysis, the initiation of glucocorticoid therapy within 3 hrs of exposure with a second treatment given <21 hrs after exposure, HP initiated within 4 hrs of exposure with a second treatment given <20 hrs after exposure, the appearance of pulmonary lesions ≤8 days after exposure and six other variables were used in a multiple analysis. The strength of positivity of the PQ urine test on admission, HP initiated within 4 hrs of exposure with a second treatment given <20 hrs after exposure, the appearance of pulmonary lesions ≤8 days after exposure, and stage III AKI on admission were independent factors of survival probability. HP therapy for acute PQ poisoning was the main therapeutic intervention investigated in this study. Outcomes were time dependent, and the crucial factor was the initiation of therapy within 4 hrs of PQ poisoning followed by a second treatment within 20 hrs.

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