Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) based gas sensors have been considered a promising candidate for gas detection over the past few years. However, the sensing properties of MOS-based gas sensors also need to be further enhanced to satisfy the higher requirements for specific applications, such as medical diagnosis based on human breath, gas detection in harsh environments, etc. In these fields, excellent selectivity, low power consumption, a fast response/recovery rate, low humidity dependence and a low limit of detection concentration should be fulfilled simultaneously, which pose great challenges to the MOS-based gas sensors. Recently, in order to improve the sensing performances of MOS-based gas sensors, more and more researchers have carried out extensive research from theory to practice. For a similar purpose, on the basis of the whole fabrication process of gas sensors, this review gives a presentation of the important role of screening and the recent developments in high throughput screening. Subsequently, together with the sensing mechanism, the factors influencing the sensing properties of MOSs involved in material preparation processes were also discussed in detail. It was concluded that the sensing properties of MOSs not only depend on the morphological structure (particle size, morphology, pore size, etc.), but also rely on the defect structure and heterointerface structure (grain boundaries, heterointerfaces, defect concentrations, etc.). Therefore, the material-sensor integration was also introduced to maintain the structural stability in the sensor fabrication process, ensuring the sensing stability of MOS-based gas sensors. Finally, the perspectives of the MOS-based gas sensors in the aspects of fundamental research and the improvements in the sensing properties are pointed out.

Background: The ABO blood group system has been associated with multiple infectious diseases, including hepatitis B, dengue haemorrhagic fever and so on. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new respiratory infectious disease and the relationship between COVID-19 and ABO blood group system needs to be explored urgently. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from 1 January 2020 to 5 March 2020. A total of 105 COVID-19 cases and 103 controls were included. The blood group frequency was tested with the chi-square statistic, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated between cases and controls. In addition, according to gender, the studied population was divided into two subgroups, and we assessed the association between cases and controls by gender. Finally, considering lymphopenia as a feature of COVID-19, the relationship between the ABO blood group and the lymphocyte count was determined in case samples. Results: The frequencies of blood types A, B, AB, and O were 42.8, 26.7, 8.57, and 21.9%, respectively, in the case group. Association analysis between the ABO blood group and COVID-19 indicated that there was a statistically significant difference for blood type A (P = 0.04, OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.02-1.73) but not for blood types B, AB or O (P = 0.48, OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.66-1.23; P = 0.61, OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.53-1.46; and P = 0.23, OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.58-1.15, respectively). An analysis stratified by gender revealed that the association was highly significant between blood type A in the female subgroup (P = 0.02, OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.08-2.27) but not in the male subgroup (P = 0.51, OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.78-1.67). The average level of lymphocyte count was the lowest with blood type A in patients, however, compared with other blood types, there was still no significant statistical difference. Conclusions: Our findings provide epidemiological evidence that females with blood type A are susceptible to COVID-19. However, these research results need to be validated in future studies.

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sensitivity are the bottlenecks in future commercialization applications. [4,5] Fully-inorganic lead halide perovskites (APbX 3 , A = Cs, Rb, K, etc.), without the organic part affection were expected to resolve the problem of stability. [4,6,7] According to the work of Kubelk et al., fullyinorganic perovskites have similar bandgaps to organo-lead halide analogs and hold much better thermal stability. [4,[7][8][9] Under the scenario of lead-free perovskite, tin (Sn) and germanium (Ge) elements have been considered as hot candidates [10] to replace lead. However, the quick oxidation from Sn 2+ /Ge 2+ to Sn 4+ /Ge 4+ greatly degrades their PCE. [11][12][13] To overcome this problem, heterovalent elements of Sb and Bi were introduced for the implementation of green perovskite. And these perovskite molecular structures transmute from ABX 3 to their derivatives such as A 3 B 2 X 9 .For antimony iodide perovskite (AIP) [14,15] research work, Mitzi and our group combined theoretical calculations, film deposition, and experimental characterizations to understand this new absorber semiconductor. Two kinds of polymorphs exist for Cs 3 Sb 2 I 9 , 0D (dimer) and 2D (layered) phases. Dimer phase exhibits indirect bandgap of 2.50 eV unfavorable for photo voltaics, while layered phase has a direct bandgap of 2.05 eV, a suitable choice as active absorber. The latter one provides similar high level of absorption as CH 3 NH 2 PbI 3 and relatively small in-plane and out-of-plane effective mass. [16][17][18] The layered film could only be synthesized by vapor method with annealing temperature ≈300 °C under the assistance of SbI 3 vapor. [16] Utilizing similar SbI 3 vapor reaction with CsI and SbI 3 precursor film, Chu and co-workers obtained AIP-layered thin film solar cells via a structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/AIP/ PC 70 BM/Al and obtained a PCE value of 1.49%. [19] In addition to unique optoelectronic properties, LIP solar cells obtained huge progress highly relying on convenient solution method. The present layered AIP vapor method required high reaction temperature as well as nonuniform composition. Thus, we tried to develop a simple solution method for layered AIP absorbers. According to Zhou and co-workers' theoretical calculations, the AIP dimer phase is an energetically stable Since lead halide perovskite suffers from the obstructions of lead and stability, researchers recently pay more attention to the development of lead-free and stable perovskite absorbers. A typical lead-free antimony iodide perovskite (AIP) is synthesized through vapor reaction at high temperature for photoactive phase. Herein, hydrochloric acid is developed as an intermediate coordinated additive for Cs 3 Sb 2 I 9 photoactive layered phase using HCl-assisted solution method. The uniform and highly crystalline Cs 3 Sb 2 I 9 layered film is obtained by antisolvent engineering. Isopropanol antisolvent is more suitable for present system comparing with traditional lead iodide perovskite-based ones. Physical characterizations manifest the lower trap density, do...

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are extensively intricate in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of various cancer types. Nevertheless, the detailed molecular mechanisms of lncRNA in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still remain mainly undetermined. Methods: qPCR was performed to verify LINC00301 expression in NSCLC clinical specimens or cell lines. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was conducted to identify the localization of LINC00301 in NSCLC cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was subjected to validate the binding activity between FOXC1 and LINC00301 promoters. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) was performed to explore the binding activity between LINC00301 and EZH2. RNA pull-down followed by dot-blot, protein domain mapping, and RNA electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA) were conducted to identify the detailed binding regions between LINC00301 and EZH2. Alpha assay was conducted to quantitatively assess the interaction between LINC00301 and EZH2. Results: LINC00301 is highly expressed in NSCLC and closely corelated to its prognosis by analyzing the relationship between differentially expressed lncRNAs and prognosis in NSCLC samples. in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that LINC00301 facilitates cell proliferation, releases NSCLC cell cycle arrest, promotes cell migration and invasion, and suppresses cell apoptosis in NSCLC. In addition, LINC00301 increases regulatory T cell (Treg) while decreases CD8 + T cell population in LA-4/SLN-205-derived tumors through targeting TGF-β. The transcription factor FOXC1 mediates LINC00301 expression in NSCLC. Bioinformatics prediction and in vitro experiments indicated that LINC00301 (83-123 nucleotide [nt]) can directly bind to the enhancer of zeste homolog

A multisensor applications development and evaluation system at the National Severe Storms Laboratory addresses significant gaps in both our knowledge and capabilities for accurate high-resolution precipitation estimates at the national scale. W ater is a precious resource and, when excessive or in short supply, a source of many hazards. It is essential to monitor and predict water-related hazards, such as floods, droughts, debris flows, and water quality, and to determine current and future availability of water resources. Accurate quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) and very short term quantitative precipitation forecasts (VSTQPF) provide key input to these assessments. [QPE and VSTQPF are hereafter referred to collectively as quantitative precipitation information (QPl}.] To meet these needs at the national scale, accurate QPI is needed at various temporal and spatial scales for the entire United States, its territories, and immediate surrounding areas. Temporal scales range from minutes to several hours for tiash flood prediction. QPI products can then be aggregated to support longer-term applications for water supply prediction. Spatial scales range from a few square kilometers or less for urban flash flood predictit)n.

Biomass has been utilized as an energy source for thousands of years typically in the form of wood and charcoal. Technological advances create new methodologies to extract energy and chemicals from biomass. The biomass-derived nanostructured porous carbons (BDNPCs) are the most promising sulfur hosts and interlayers in rechargeable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. In this article, a comprehensive review is provided in the synthesis of nanostructured porous carbon materials for high-performance rechargeable Li-S batteries by using biomass. The performances of the Li-S batteries dependent on the porous structures (micro, meso and hierarchical) from BDNPCs are discussed, which can provide an in-depth understanding and guide rational design of high-performance cathode materials by using low-cost, sustainable and natural bio-precursors. Furthermore, the current existing challenges and the future research directions for enhancing the performance of Li-S batteries by using natural biomass materials are also addressed.

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