Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world because of its high morbidity and mortality. Approximately 1.2 million people are diagnosed with lung cancer all over the world per year. Despite the great progresses in cancer research over the last decades, lung cancer remains at a very low 5-year survival rate: 16% compared with 89% for breast cancer, 65% for colon cancer, and 100% for prostate cancer (1). Although lung cancer comprises only about 15% of new cancer diagnosis, it causes over 30% of all cancer-related deaths. Lung cancer is divided into two major clinicopathological classes: small cell lung cancer (ϳ15% of all lung cancer) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC, ϳ85%).1 The latter includes three major histological subtypes: squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, 40% of NSCLC), adenocarcinoma (AD, 40% of NSCLC), and large cell carcinoma (10% of NSCLC) (2). NSCLC is commonly treated with surgery, whereas small cell lung cancer usually responds better to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. For NSCLC, curative surgery is efficacious only in those who are diagnosed sufficiently early in the disease process. Unfortunately, more than 70% of the patients are diagnosed only at an advanced stage nowadays, which results in the loss of opportunity for curative surgical resection and poor prognosis. To improve the survival of patients with lung cancer, identifying reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction and monitoring treatment response remain urgently needed. Proteomic analysis, a powerful tool for global evaluation of protein expression, has been widely applied in cancer reFrom the

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Purpose: Effective biomarkers for the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are needed. We previously showed that isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is significantly increased in NSCLC tumors. This study aimed to examine the plasma levels of IDH1 in a large patient population to evaluate its effectiveness in NSCLC diagnosis.Experimental Design: The plasma levels of IDH1, CA125, Cyfra21-1, and CEA were assayed by ELISA. Blood samples were obtained from 1,422 participants (943 patients with NSCLC and 479 healthy controls). The samples were randomly divided into a training set and a test set. Receiver operating characteristic and binary logistic regression analyses were applied to evaluate diagnostic efficacy and establish diagnostic mathematical models.Results: Plasma IDH1 levels were significantly higher in patients with NSCLCs than in healthy controls (P < 0.001). The diagnostic use of IDH1 in lung adenocarcinoma [area under curve (AUC): 0.858 and 0.810; sensitivity: 77.1% and 76.2%; specificity: 82.9% and 76.6%; in the training set and test set, respectively] was significantly greater than that of CA125, Cyfra21-1, or CEA (P < 0.001). The model combining IDH1 with CEA, CA125, and Cyfra21-1 was more effective for lung adenocarcinoma diagnosis than IDH1 alone (sensitivity and specificity in the training set: 75.8%, 89.6%; test set: 86.3%, 70.7%). In addition, the plasma levels of IDH1 could contribute to the diagnostic model of lung squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusions: IDH1 can be used as a plasma biomarker for the diagnosis of NSCLCs, particularly lung adenocarcinoma, with relatively high sensitivity and specificity.

Background To evaluate the prognostic value of Lymphovascular Invasion (LVI) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP) following surgery. Patients and methods This retrospective study analyzed the data of 891 eligible patients with SCCP who were diagnosed between 2010 and 2014, obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The patients were categorized by LVI, age, grade, T stage, lymph nodes status, distant metastasis, regional lymph nodes removed, and surgery. Overall survival (OS) and penile carcinoma-specific survival (PCSS) were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results The presence of LVI was significantly associated with increased risk of advanced T stage, high grade, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis ( P < 0.001 for all). In Kaplan-Meier analyses, patients with the presence of LVI had significantly lower OS and PCSS than those with the absence of LVI ( P < 0.001 for both,). The presence of LVI was also significantly associated with poorer OS and worse PCSS in patients with Tx + Ta + T1 stage ( P = 0.007, P < 0.001), N0 stage (P < 0.001, P = 0.040), grade 1 ( P = 0.001, P < 0.001), grade 2 (P = 0.001, P = 0.014), no distant metastasis (P < 0.001 for both), no regional lymph nodes removed (P < 0.001 for both), Non-radical surgery (P < 0.001 for both) and radical surgery( P = 0.037, P = 0.002). In multivariate analyses, the presence of LVI in patients with SCCP following surgery was found to be a significant independent predictor of decreased OS (hazard ratio 1.403, P = 0.039). Conclusions The LVI status might be a crucial prognostic indicator for overall survival in patients with SCCP.