Training with a large data set enables automated sleep staging that compares favorably with human scorers. Because testing was performed on a large and heterogeneous data set, the performance estimate has low variance and is likely to generalize broadly.
Retinoblastoma
(RB) is prone to delayed diagnosis or treatment
and has an increased likelihood of metastasizing. Thus, it is crucial
to perform an effective imaging examination and provide optimal treatment
of RB to prevent metastasis. Nanoparticles that support diagnostic
imaging and targeted therapy are expected to noninvasively integrate
tumor diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we report a multifunctional
nanoparticle for multimodal imaging-guided low-intensity focused ultrasound
(LIFU)/immunosynergistic RB therapy. Magnetic hollow mesoporous gold
nanocages (AuNCs) conjugated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles
(AuNCs–Fe3O4) were prepared to encapsulate
muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and perfluoropentane (PFP). The multimodal
imaging capabilities, antitumor effects, and dendritic cell (DC) activation
capacity of these nanoparticles combined with LIFU were explored in
vitro and in vivo. The biosafety of AuNCs–Fe3O4/MDP/PFP was also evaluated systematically. The multifunctional
magnetic nanoparticles enhanced photoacoustic (PA), ultrasound (US),
and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in vivo and in vitro, which was
helpful for diagnosis and efficacy evaluation. Upon accumulation in
tumors via a magnetic field, the nanoparticles underwent phase transition
under LIFU irradiation and MDP was released. A combined effect of
AuNCs–Fe3O4/MDP/PFP and LIFU was recorded
and verified. AuNCs–Fe3O4/MDP/PFP enhanced
the therapeutic effect of LIFU and led to direct apoptosis/necrosis
of tumors, while MDP promoted DC maturation and activation and activated
the ability of DCs to recognize and clear tumor cells. By enhancing
PA/US/MR imaging and inhibiting tumor growth, the multifunctional
AuNC–Fe3O4/MDP/PFP nanoparticles show
great potential for multimodal imaging-guided LIFU/immunosynergistic
therapy of RB. The proposed nanoplatform facilitates cancer theranostics
with high biosafety.
The in vivo applications of gas-core microbubbles have been limited by gas diffusion, rapid body clearance, and poor vascular permeability. To overcome these limitations, using a modified three-step emulsion process, we have developed a first-of-its-kind India ink incorporated optically-triggerable phase-transition perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (INDs) that can provide not only three types of contrast mechanisms—conventional/thermoelastic photoacoustic, phase-transition/nonlinear photoacoustic, and ultrasound imaging contrasts, but also a new avenue for photoacoustic effect mediated tumor therapy. Upon pulsed laser illumination above a relatively low energy threshold, liquid-gas phase transition of the INDs has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo, offering excellent contrasts for photoacoustic and ultrasound dual-modality imaging. With further increased laser energy, the nanodroplets have been shown to be capable of destructing cancer cells in vivo, presumably due to the photoacoustic effect induced shock-wave generation from the carbon particles of the incorporated India ink. The demonstrated results suggest that the developed multifunctional phase-transition nanodroplets have a great potential for many theranostic biomedical applications, including photoacoustic/ultrasound dual-modality molecular imaging and targeted, localized cancer therapy.
Rechargeable magnesium
batteries (rMBs) have been recognized as
one of most promising next-generation energy storage devices with
high energy and power density. However, the development of rMBs has
been hampered by the lack of usable cathode materials with high capacity
and cycling stability. Herein, we report an ultra-rapid, cost-effective,
and scalable synthesis of ultrathin CuS hierarchical nanosheets by
a one-step microwave-assisted preparation. Benefiting from the exceptional
structural configuration, when used as the cathode material for rMBs
at room temperature, the CuS hierarchical nanosheets deliver a high
reversible discharge capacity of 300 mA h g–1 at
20 mA g–1, remarkable rate capability (256.5 mA
h g–1 at 50 mA g–1 and 237.5 mA
h g–1 at 100 mA g–1), and excellent
cycling stability (135 mA h g–1 at 200 mA g–1 over 200 cycles). To date, the obtained excellent
electrochemical performances are superior to most results ever reported
for cathode materials of rMBs.
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