The second harmonic generation is one of the most important applications of nonlinear effect, which has attracted great interests in nonlinear optics and microwave in the past decades. To the best of our knowledge, however, generating the second harmonics of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) has not been reported. Here, we propose to generate the second harmonics of spoof SPPs with high efficiency at microwave frequencies using subwavelength-scale nonlinear active device integrated on specially designed plasmonic waveguides, which are composed of two ultrathin corrugated metallic strips printed on the top and bottom surfaces of a thin dielectric slab anti-symmetrically. We show that the plasmonic waveguide supports broadband propagations of spoof SPPs with strong subwavelength effect, whose dispersion property can be controlled by changing the geometrical parameters. By loading the nonlinear device made from semiconductors to the intersection of two plasmonic waveguides with different corrugation depths, we experimentally demonstrate the efficient generation of second-harmonic SPPs in broad frequency band. The proposed second-harmonic generator can be directly used as SPP frequency multiplier, and the proposed method can be extended to achieve high-order harmonics and produce SPP mixers, which are essential to SPP integrated circuits and systems.

We propose a method to design a transmission-spectrum-controllable spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) based on the interaction between spoof SPP waveguide and frequency tunable metamaterial (MTM) particles. To achieve the tunable MTM particles, we introduce varactor-diodes into split-ring resonators (SRRs). Taking the advantage of sub-wavelength scale of SRRs, we design and fabricate a compact transmission-spectrum-controllable spoof SPPs. Both simulated and measured results demonstrate excellent dynamic control of transmission coefficients at microwave frequencies.

URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01930682.

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