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Background iRoot BP Plus is a novel bioceramic endodontic material. Recently, it has been considered as an alternative to MTA which is the most popular scaffold cover during regenerative endodontic therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of iRoot BP Plus on the osteo/odontogenic capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), including the underlying mechanisms. Methods BMMSCs were collected by a whole marrow method and treated with iRoot BP Plus-conditioned medium (BP-CM). The proliferation ability was evaluated by cell counting kit 8 and flow cytometry. Complete medium was used as a blank control, and 2 mg/ml MTA-conditioned medium was served as a positive control. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, ALP staining, western blot, real-time RT-PCR, Alizarin Red S staining, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to explore the osteo/odontogenic potential and the involvement of MAPK pathways. Besides, autophagy was investigated by western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Results

Objective: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a main systemic mediator of calcium and phosphate homeostasis in the bone. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been extensively studied in the regeneration of bone and tooth tissues. This paper aims to uncover the influences of PTH on the proliferative ability and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: The optimal concentration of PTH on DPSCs was determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, ALP staining and western blot analysis. Proliferative ability and cell cycle distribution of DPSCs were analyzed by Cell counting kit-8, 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine assay, and flow cytometry. Osteo/ odontogenic capacity of DPSCs was evaluated and finally, the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was assessed.Results: Purified DPSCs were obtained by enzymatic digestion, which presented a typical fibroblast-like morphology. 10 −9 mol/L PTH was concerned as the optimal concentration for DPSCs induction. 10 −9 mol/L PTH treatment did not change the proliferative rate of DPSCs (p > .05). Relative expressions of DSPP/DSPP, RUNX2/ RUNX2, OSX/OSX, and ALP/ALP were upregulated in PTH-treated DPSCs relative to control group. Particularly, their mRNA/protein levels at Day 7 were markedly higher relative to those at Day 3 (p < .05 or p < .01). Mineralized nodules were formed after PTH induction, and calcium content increased by cetylpyridinium chloride quantitative analysis. Mechanistically, the protein levels of p-ERK and p-P38 significantly increased after PTH treatment, and the inhibitors targeting MAPK were identified that weakened the effects of PTH on the committed differentiation of DPSCs.Conclusions: PTH enhances the osteo/odontogenic differentiation capacity of DPSCs via ERK and P38 signaling pathways. K E Y W O R D Sdental pulp stem cells, differentiation, mitogen-activated protein kinase, parathyroid hormone *Xingyun Ge, Zehan Li, and Shuanglin Jing contributed equally to this study.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the distinct expression pattern of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) during osteogenesis. Materials & methods: Isolated SCAPs were cultured in growth medium or osteogenic medium, respectively. Total RNA was extracted and submitted to RNA-sequencing. Expression profiles of circRNAs and constructed circRNA–miRNA–mRNA networks were determined. Results: A total of 333 unregulated circRNAs and 317 downregulated circRNAs in osteogenic differentiation were detected. Bioinformatics analysis identified that several biological pathways may be associated with osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs. Moreover, ten circRNAs, 21 miRNAs and 19 mRNAs were selected to construct competing endogenous RNA networks. Conclusion: This study revealed that expression profiles of circRNAs were significantly altered and specific circRNAs might function as competing endogenous RNAs in SCAPs during osteogenic differentiation.

Background Dentin hypersensitivity is a commonly found symptom in stomatology and it is usually caused by loss of enamel and demineralization of dentin leading to symptoms of sore teeth following dentin irritation [1]. The worldwide prevalence of dentin hypersensitivity ranges from 8 to 74% worldwide [2-4]. Dentin hypersensitivity can be treated with nerve stabilization or with potassium and dental laser irradiation

We report a two-step synthesis of Ni3V2O8@CC as a flexible electrode for sodium ion batteries with high loading density and areal specific capacity.

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