Anion energy storage provides the possibility to achieve higher specific capacity in lithium‐ion battery cathode materials, but the problems of capacity attenuation, voltage degradation, and inconsistent redox behavior are still inevitable. In this paper, a novel O2‐type manganese‐based layered cathode material Lix[Li0.2Mn0.8]O2 with a ribbon superlattice structure is prepared by electrochemical ion exchange, which realizes the highly reversible redox of anions and excellent cycle performance. Through low‐voltage pre‐cycling treatment, the specific capacity of the material can reach 230 mAh g−1 without obvious voltage attenuation. During the electrochemical ion exchange, the precursor with P2 structure transforms into Lix[Li0.2Mn0.8]O2 with O2 structure through the slippage and shrink of adjacent slabs, and the special superlattice structure in Mn slab is still retained. Simultaneously, a certain degree of lattice mismatch and reversible distortion of the MnO6 octahedron occur. In addition, the anion redox catalyzes the formation of the solid electrolyte interface, stabilizing the electrode/electrolyte interface and inhibiting the dissolution of Mn. The mechanism of electrochemical ion exchange is systematically studied by comprehensive structural and electrochemical characterization, opening an attractive path for the realization of highly reversible anion redox.
Anionic charge compensation creates conditions for realizing
high
capacity and energy density of Li-ion batteries cathode materials.
However, the issues of voltage hysteresis, capacity attenuation, and
structure transformation caused by the labile anionic redox are still
difficult to solve fundamentally. The superstructure formed by a Li–Mn
ordered arrangement is the intrinsic reason to trigger the anionic
charge compensation. In this work, manganese-based cathode materials
with series of Li–Mn ordered superstructure types have been
prepared by an ion exchange method, and superstructure control of
the anionic redox behavior has been synthetically investigated. With
the dispersion of a LiMn6 superstructure unit, the aggregation
of Li vacancies in Mn slab is gradually inhibited, which eliminates
the production of O–O dimers and improves the reversibility
of oxygen redox. Therefore, the voltage hysteresis and capacity fading
have been significantly improved. Meanwhile, the amount of reactive
oxygen species and their capacity contribution is reduced, and the
sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics of anion requires a low
current density to boost the high-capacity advantage. This paper provides
effective ideas for the design of various superstructures and the
rational utilization of anionic redox.
Through the total cyclization of polyacrylonitrile, a bifunctional surface and abundant oxygen defects were constructed on the lithium-rich cathode, leading to an excellent electrochemical performance.
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