We propose a novel positioning-communication integrated signal, which superposes the configurable positioning signal on the communication one to achieve a sub-meter range measurement accuracy. Different from other positioning schemes, there are multi positioning signals on different sub-carriers for different positioning users. The powers and bandwidths of these positioning signals are controllable, which reduces the near-far effect, and improves the range measurement accuracy. Other major contributions are: we analyze the interference of the positioning signal to the communication one; we give the lower-bound and measurement accuracy of the range estimation in both flat and fading channels, and derive their simple expressions. The results show the interaction between the communication and positioning signals is limited, and it is feasible to use the proposed signal for high accuracy positioning.

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This paper presents a feasibility study of a novel multiple access technique called Multi-Scale Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (MS-NOMA) for the next generation communication-positioning integration system. Different from the traditional positioning signals which are mostly Time Division Multiple Access with communication signals and are broadcast to all users, MS-NOMA supports continuous positioning waveform and flexible configurations for different positioning users to obtain higher ranging accuracy, lower positioning latency, less resource consumption and better signal coverage. Our major contributions are: Firstly, we present the MS-NOMA waveform and evaluate its performances by theoretical and simulation analyses. The results show it is feasible to use the MS-NOMA waveform to achieve high positioning accuracy and low Bit Error Rate with little resource consumption simultaneously. Secondly, to achieve optimal positioning accuracy and signal coverage, we model the power allocation problem for MS-NOMA as a convex optimization problem satisfying the Quality of Services requirement and other constraints. Then, we propose a novel Communication and Positioning Performances constrained Positioning Power Allocation (CP4A) algorithm which allocates the power of all P-Users iteratively. The theoretical and numerical results show our proposed MS-NOMA waveform with CP4A algorithm has great improvements of ranging/positioning accuracy than traditional Positioning Reference Signal in cellular network.