Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) represent an underexplored source of intriguing natural products. Efforts to discover bioactive metabolites from sponge‐associated fungi in MCEs identified a new steroid, acremocholone (1) and its three known analogs (2–4), from Acremonium sp. NBUF150. The Acremonium sp. NBUF150 was isolated from a Ciocalypta sponge located 70 m deep within the South China Sea. The planar structures and absolute configuration of 1–4 were determined from NMR‐derived spectroscopic data, HR‐ESI‐MS, and X‐ray crystallography. Compound 1 exhibited antimicrobial inhibition against Vibrio scophthalmi, V. shilonii and V. brasiliensis at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 8 μg/mL; compound 2 inhibited V. shilonii and V. brasiliensis at 8 and 32 μg/mL, respectively, and compound 4 inhibited growth of V. brasiliensis at 16 μg/mL. Sponge associated fungi from MCEs represent a promising resource of anti‐Vibrio drug leads for aquaculture use.
Guignardones Y-Z (1 -2), two new meroterpenoids, and six known metabolites involving guignardones A -H (3 -4), gyorgy-isoflavone (5), daidzein (6), blumenol A (7) and guignardianone A (8) were isolated from the fungus Penicillium sp. NBUF154, which was obtained from a 60 m deep Crella sponge. Their structures including absolute configurations were unambiguously elucidated by exhaustive spectroscopic analysis and ECD calculations. A putative biosynthetic pathway toward guignardones (1 -4) is here proposed. Biological evaluation of compounds 1-8 showed that 1 and 7 exert potent inhibitory effects towards human enterovirus 71 (EV71).
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