A comparative study is conducted to compare the theory and application effect of two accident causation models, the human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS) and the accident causation ''2-4'' model (24Model), as well as to provide a reference for safety researchers and accident investigators to select an appropriate accident analysis method. The two models are compared in terms of their theoretical foundations, cause classifications, accident analysis processes, application ranges, and accident prevention strategies. A coal and gas outburst accident is then analyzed using both models, and the application results are compared. This study shows that both the 24Model and HFACS have strong theoretical foundations, and they can each be applied in various domains. In addition, the cause classification in HFACS is more practical, and its accident analysis process is more convenient. On the other hand, the 24Model includes external factors, which makes the cause analysis more systematic and comprehensive. Moreover, the 24Model puts forward more corresponding measures to prevent accidents.
The useful yet underutilized backfolded design is invoked
here
for functionalizing porous solids with the versatile carbazole function.
Specifically, we attach carbazole groups as backfolded side arms onto
the backbone of a linear dicarboxyl linker molecule. The bulky carbazole
side arms point away from the carboxyl links and do not disrupt the
Zr-carboxyl framework formation; namely, the resultant MOF solid ZrL1 features the same net as that of the unfunctionalized dicarboxyl
linker, also known as the PCN-111 net or UiO-66 net. The ZrL1 structure features only half linker occupancy (about 6 out of the
12 linkers around the Zr6O8 cluster being missing)
and partially collapses upon activation (acetone exchange and evacuation).
Notably, the stability improves after heating in diphenyl oxide at
260 °C (POP-260 treatment; to form ZrL1-260), as
indicated by the higher crystallinity and surface area of the activated
ZrL1-260 sample. The ZrL1-260 samples achieve
72% yield in photocatalyzing reductive dehalogenation of phenacyl
bromide; ZrL1 can detect nitro-aromatic compounds via
fluorescence quenching, with selectivity and sensitivity toward 4-nitroaniline,
featuring a limit of detection of 96 ppb.
PurposeBased on the information commons service model, the aim of this article is to propose a new model for knowledge commons. It seeks to define the conceptual model and constructing framework of knowledge commons, which aim for a collaborative knowledge‐sharing environment to support innovative community activities of university library.Design/methodology/approachBy analyzing the innovation activities of communities, infusing theories of knowledge management, collaboration and Library 2.0, the knowledge commons conceptual model is brought forward to improve communication, collaboration, sharing and conversation.FindingsSince the innovative community is interdisciplinary and cross‐campus, the scattered research team and study group requires a library to extend the services to a logical system, while the virtual layer is to make this spatial decentralized and logically centralized system a reality. The core elements, namely information technology, organization and management, culture and spirit, make up the supporting layer, of which, trust and collaboration culture for innovation is important.Practical implicationsResearch work and practice of information commons and library 2.0 have aroused a new round of the library service movement, while the knowledge commons conceptual model would provide steering for a knowledge sharing environment.Originality/valueIn this paper, the new model is based on information commons and assimilating the theories of knowledge management, collaboration and Library 2.0, intended to integrate digital library, physical resource, virtual resource and human resource into a whole. It is of great importance for the library to serve education and scientific research well.
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