Only vision-based navigation is the key of cost reduction and widespread application of indoor mobile robot. Consider the unpredictable nature of artificial environments, deep learning techniques can be used to perform navigation with its strong ability to abstract image features. In this paper, we proposed a low-cost way of only vision-based perception to realize indoor mobile robot navigation, converting the problem of visual navigation to scene classification. Existing related research based on deep scene classification network has lower accuracy and brings more computational burden. Additionally, the navigation system has not yet been fully assessed in the previous work. Therefore, we designed a shallow convolutional neural network (CNN) with higher scene classification accuracy and efficiency to process images captured by a monocular camera. Besides, we proposed an adaptive weighted control (AWC) algorithm and combined with regular control (RC) to improve the robot’s motion performance. We demonstrated the capability and robustness of the proposed navigation method by performing extensive experiments in both static and dynamic unknown environments. The qualitative and quantitative results showed that the system performs better compared to previous related work in unknown environments.
Laiyangosaurus youngi was erected as a saurolophine hadrosaurid on the basis of several cranial elements from the Jingangkou Formation, Wangshi Group, Upper Cretaceous of Laiyang, Shandong, China. The postcranial elements of this taxon are described in detail here, providing additional postcranial characteristics to L. youngi. The phylogenetic analysis included postcranial elements of L. youngi, indicating that L. youngi still lies in the Edmontosaurini clade and no more supplement of postcranial autapomorphy. However, three new postcranial autapomorphies can help distinguish L. youngi from other members of Edmontosaurini: a poorly expanded deltopectoral crest of the humerus, a brevis shelf at the base of the postacetabular process of the ilium, and a well‐defined medioventral ridge on the medial side of the postacetabular process. This study is to increase our knowledge on the anatomy and phylogeny of hadrosaurids of Edmontosaurini and provide new valuable evidence for discussing on the taxonomic position and validity of hadrosauroids in the Laiyang Hadrosauroid Fauna.
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