Background:Uterus didelphys and blind hemivagina associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis are collectively known as Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome (HWWS). In the literature, the syndrome often appears as a single case report or as a small series. In our study, we reviewed the characteristics of all HWWS patients at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) and suggested a new classification for this syndrome because the clinical characteristics differed significantly between the completely and incompletely obstructed vaginal septum. This new classification allows for earlier diagnosis and treatment.Methods:From January 1986 to March 2013, all diagnosed cases of HWWS at PUMCH were reviewed. A retrospective long-term follow-up study of the clinical presentation, surgical prognosis, and pregnancy outcomes was performed. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, version 15.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Between-group comparisons were performed using the χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, and the t-test. The significance level for all analyses was set at P < 0.05.Results:The clinical data from 79 patients with HWWS were analyzed until March 31, 2013. According to our newly identified characteristics, we recommend that the syndrome be classified by the complete or incomplete obstruction of the hemivagina as follows: Classification 1, a completely obstructed hemivagina and Classification 2, an incompletely obstructed hemivagina. The clinical details associated with these two types are distinctly different.Conclusions:HWWS patients should be differentiated according to these two classifications. The two classifications could be generalized by gynecologists world-wide.

The clinical presentation of patients with HWW syndrome was significantly different between those with complete and those with incomplete hemivaginal obstruction. Full resection of the vaginal septum resulted in good outcomes.

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Background Epidemiologic data on female sexual dysfunction in China are sparse. Aim To assess the prevalence of risk of female sexual dysfunction in mainland China and its regional and sociodemographic variations and physiologic, pathologic, and behavioral risk factors. Methods A survey of the general female population was conducted in mainland China from February 2014 through January 2016. Women were randomly selected using multistage, stratified, cluster sampling. The prevalence rate of sexual dysfunction, as measured by the Female Sexual Function Index and a score lower than 23.45 as the cutoff threshold, was determined. Multivariate logistical regression models were used to examine the effects of sociodemographic, physiologic, pathologic, and behavioral factors on women’s risk of experiencing sexual dysfunction and domain-specific sexual problems. Outcomes The questionnaire on sexual dysfunction was completed by 25,446 women 20 to 70 years old. Results The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women 20 to 70 years old in mainland China was estimated at 29.7% (99% CI = 28.9–30.4), with large regional variations. The prevalence rates of potential domain-specific sexual problems were 21.6% (99% CI = 20.9–22.2) for low desire, 21.5 (99% CI = 20.8–22.2) for arousal disorder, 18.9% (99% CI = 18.3–19.6) for lubrication disorder, 27.9% (99% CI = 27.2–28.7) for orgasm disorder, and 14.1% (99% CI = 13.6–14.7) for sexual pain. Higher educational attainment and urban residency were associated with a decreased risk of sexual dysfunction. Women of ethnic minorities (or non-Han ethnicity) had fewer reports of sexual dysfunction than women of Han ethnicity (odds ratio = 0.67, 99% CI = 0.47–0.97). Diabetes, cancers, pelvic inflammatory disease, and pelvic organ prolapse significantly increased the reports of sexual dysfunction. Clinical Translation This survey provided the prevalence and risk factors of female sexual dysfunction in China, information that could be useful for potential prevention and clinical treatment. Strengths and Limitations This is the first large-scale, nationally based epidemiologic study of female sexual dysfunction in mainland China. The limitations of the study design included an overpowered study caused by the large sample, the under-representation of younger and unmarried women, and no information on the women’s partners, their values and knowledge, and detailed medical conditions. Conclusions The prevalence rate of female sexual dysfunction in mainland China was modest overall, although variations existed across regions and social groups.

Apolipoprotein E, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2, Golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1, and glucosidase, beta, acid may play a neurodegenerative role in SUI development.

Background Low sexual desire is the most prevalent female sexual health problem; however, national epidemiologic data on female sexual desire in China are absent. Understanding factors related to low sexual desire are essential in preparing educational and consultative programs and policies to improve women’s sexual health. Methods: A national epidemiological survey on female sexual function was conducted from February 2014 to January 2016 in mainland China. Women were randomly selected using multistage, stratified, cluster sampling. The sexual functioning was assessed by using the Chinese version of the 19-item Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire. Results: The questionnaire on sexual dysfunction was completed by 25446 women who were aged 20–70 years. The prevalence of low sexual desire was 21.6% (domain score ≤4.28), and the declines in sexual desire started as early as 25–29 years. Sexual arousal was most closely related to sexual desire (Pearson’s correlation = 0.760). Higher educational attainment was associated with a decreased risk of low sexual desire. Diabetes, non-gynaecological cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease and pelvic pain had negative effects on sexual desire (OR = 1.44, 99% CI = 1.11–1.87; OR = 1.92, 99% CI = 1.18–3.13; OR = 1.32, 99% CI = 1.07–1.63; OR = 1.77, 99% CI = 1.13–2.76 respectively). Conclusions: The prevalence of low sexual desire in females in China was modest. Low sexual desire is correlated with sexual arousal disorder. Biopsychosocial factors have overlapping effects on sexual desire.

Apoptosis is an important mechanism of malignant tumor formation and progression. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within cell death genes may influence cancer risk. We explored the relationship between FasL −844T/C and/or Fas −1377G/A SNPs and pulmonary adenocarcinoma (AD). Two hundred seventy-five patients with pulmonary AD of South China admitted into Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from July 2007 to October 2011 were randomly selected, and their clinicopathological data were collected at the same time. Two hundred ninety-seven cases of healthy individuals were selected as control. FasL −844T/C and Fas −1377G/A SNPs were detected by PCR-RFLP technique to evaluate the relationships between these two SNPs and pulmonary AD. Age, FasL −844 and Fas −1377 SNPs were associated with increased risk of pulmonary AD susceptibility in main effect analysis. FasL −844CC and Fas −1377 AA were associated with an increased risk for the development of pulmonary AD only in age <60 years people, but not in those ≥60 years. FasL −844CC genotype was associated with an increased risk for pulmonary AD (adjusted OR = 2.010, 95 % CI 1.196–3.379, P = 0.008) compared with TT genotype. However, Fas −1377 AA was a risk factor only when FasL −844 genotype was CC. Fas −1377 genotypes showed significant effect modification of pulmonary AD risk by FasL −844 genotype with test of the interaction term adjusting for age, gender, and FasL −844 SNP. Fas −1377G/A was not associated with the clinicopathological factors, while FasL −844C/T was associated with tumor stage and lymph node metastasis in age ≥60 years people and tumor stage in those <60 years. In conclusion, FasL −844 SNP is associated with the susceptibility of pulmonary AD in age <60 years people. Fas −1377 SNP may modify the association of FasL −844 SNP with the risk of pulmonary AD. FasL −844 genotype plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of pulmonary AD.

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