Demand for wind power has grown, and this has increased wind turbine blade (WTB) inspections and defect repairs. This paper empirically investigates the performance of state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms, namely, YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and Mask R-CNN for detecting and classifying defects by type. The paper proposes new performance evaluation measures suitable for defect detection tasks, and these are: Prediction Box Accuracy, Recognition Rate, and False Label Rate. Experiments were carried out using a dataset, provided by the industrial partner, that contains images from WTB inspections. Three variations of the dataset were constructed using different image augmentation settings. Results of the experiments revealed that on average, across all proposed evaluation measures, Mask R-CNN outperformed all other algorithms when transformation-based augmentations (i.e., rotation and flipping) were applied. In particular, when using the best dataset, the mean Weighted Average (mWA) values (i.e., mWA is the average of the proposed measures) achieved were: Mask R-CNN: 86.74%, YOLOv3: 70.08%, and YOLOv4: 78.28%. The paper also proposes a new defect detection pipeline, called Image Enhanced Mask R-CNN (IE Mask R-CNN), that includes the best combination of image enhancement and augmentation techniques for pre-processing the dataset, and a Mask R-CNN model tuned for the task of WTB defect detection and classification.
In the 21st century today, the term IP is too broad, not only in its connotation, but also in the application of IP. This article mainly explains the definition of IP and the application of IP visual image in blind box products, and redefines it based on my understanding of what IP is and the value of IP application. Through consulting books, case studies of IP design, and research on the application of IP visual image in blind box products, it finally comes to a conclusion that the application of IP visual image in blind box products not only drives the sales of brand products, but also stimulates the hearts of consumer groups, especially teenagers. It is more likely to form a fashion culture, so that the brand can better create its own market. At the same time, blind box products also reverse promote the development of IP image, improve the process of IP visual image development, to achieve a virtuous cycle.
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