Highway tunnels operated in karst areas are prone to serious structural diseases such as water–mud inrush, lining tension and cracks, and road humps. This article reviews the historical diseases of the tunnel based on the Nanshibi Tunnel project. The cause analysis of the structural diseases of Nanshibi Tunnel was performed on the basis of a refined geophysical prospecting scheme for the complex karst geological structure environment. A series of comprehensive treatments were conducted to address the tunnel diseases in the karst area. The treatments included surrounding rock grouting, lining replacement, and adding inverted arches. The results show that the refined geophysical prospecting scheme and disease remediation idea for the complex karst geological structure environment proposed herein can realize the full coverage and accurate detection of karst structures, water passage, and tunnel-lining diseases. The proposed scheme can effectively solve the technical problems of karst tunnel diseases that occur repeatedly and are difficult to be completely rectified. Finally, specific engineering practice suggestions were proposed for tunnel disease remediation in the karst area.
In order to explore the sound absorption and noise reduction performance of closed-cell aluminum foam in the tunnel, the field test of the sound absorption performance of aluminum foam board was carried out based on the installation of aluminum foam board in the whole line of Haoshanyu Tunnel on Qinglan Expressway. Combined with the existing loudspeaker test and typical tunnel measurements, a new field test method for the noise reduction performance of closed-cell aluminum foam board was proposed for two different working conditions including fixed-point pure tone sound source condition and mobile vehicle sound source condition. The testing results of the new methods were analyzed, and it showed that the closed-cell aluminum foam has good sound absorption property at the frequency spectra between 250 Hz and 1000 Hz, and the farther away from the sound source, the better the sound absorption effect. In the research on the noise reduction effect of actual vehicle, it was found that the insertion loss of the closed-cell foam aluminum board is about 4 dB(A), which indicated that the closed-cell aluminum foam can play a certain noise reduction effect in the tunnel.
Based on the background of the reconstruction project from Changqing Chenzhuang-Pingyin section of G220 east-deep line in China, a special tunnel structure and construction plan was carried out according to the construction measures of the shallow-buried small spacing tunnel passing underneath cultural relic buildings, and a comprehensive deformation control scheme of “CRD construction method single-arm excavation + surface grouting prereinforcement + advanced large pipe shed presupport” was put forward. The results of numerical simulation and on-site construction monitoring showed that the overall deformation of aqueduct foundation generally increases first, then decreases and increases again, and finally tends to be stable. The effects of surface grouting prereinforcement and advance large pipe shed presupport are obvious. The comprehensive deformation control scheme can ensure the safety of the existing construction and meet the safety prevention and control requirements.
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