Objective : To observe the regularity of host-anti-graft reaction in animal model full-thickness cartilage defect after autologous or allogeneic full-thickness cartilage transplantation. Methods :The model of cartilage combined with subchondral bone defect was selected from 36 healthy adult male SD rats and randomly divided into three groups: blank control group (group A), autograft group (group B), and allograft group (group C). The gait of the rats was observed after transplantation, The rats were killed at 3, 5 and 7 days after operation. After operation, the cells in blood and spleen were separated for flow cytometry and ELISA detection, and the local bone tissue sections were subjected to hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. All the results of inflammatory reaction were studied by statistical analysis method. Results :After allogeneic full-thickness cartilage transplantation, the expression of inflammatory cells increased significantly in the blood samples of the three groups on the 3rd-5th day after operation. Compared with groups A and B, the expressions of inflammatory cells (monocytes, NK cells, T cells) and inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in group C increased significantly, and decreased slightly after7 days. The expression of monocytes in this group on the 5th and 7th day was higher than that on the 3rd day. The expression of Tregs in group B was higher than that in the other two groups from the first time after operation, and the difference became more and more obvious in the first week after surgery. In spleen cells, the expression of monocytes in group C was markedly higher than that in the other two groups on the 5th and 7th after operation, and the expression of NK was also higher than that in the A and B groups on the 3rd and 5th after operation. The change of Tregs in group B showed the same trend as that of blood sample one week after operation. In all groups, the expression levels of monocytes and T cells on the 5th and 7th day were higher than those on the 3rd day. The results of histological staining showed that the local inflammation was obvious on the 3rd day after operation. The section on the 5th day after the operation showed that the inflammatory manifestations at the interface between the recipient and the graft continued to expand,and some grafts were involved, and the immune response reached the peak. On the 7th day after operation, the whole implant was destroyed, and the response intensity decreased gradually, which echoed the results of flow cytometry and ELISA. Conclusions :The acute immune response after allogeneic cartilage transplantation is a complex process, which is intervented and jointed acted by CD4+T, CD8+T, NK cells, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and other cells and extracellular factors.Our study shows that the intensity of host versus graft reaction after allogeneic full-thickness cartilage transplantation reached the highest in the 5th day after operation, and then decreased gradually.This conclusion provides a theoretical basis for the implantation of bioengineered orthopaedic materials and the timing of immunosuppressive interventions in the implantation allogeneic or xenogeneic osteochondral transplantation in the future.
In the field of orthopedics, defects in large bones have proven challenging to resolve. The aim of the present study was to address this problem through the combination of tantalum metal (pTa) with exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which have the potential to enhance regeneration of full thickness femoral bone defects in rats. Cell culture results demonstrated that exosomes improved the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs. Following establishment of a supracondylar femoral bone defect, exosomes and pTa were implanted into the defect area. Results demonstrated that pTa acts as a core scaffold for cell adhesion and exhibits good biocompatibility. Moreover, micro-CT scan results as well as histological examination demonstrated that pTa had a significant effect on osteogenesis, with the addition of exosomes further promoting bone tissue regeneration and repair. In conclusion, this novel composite scaffold can effectively promote bone regeneration in large bone defect areas, providing a new approach for the treatment of large bone defects.
Background: To study the pathogenesis of steroid-induced femoral head osteonecrosis, an ideal animal model is very important. As experimental animals, mice are beneficial for studying the pathogenesis of disease. However, there are currently few mouse models of steroid-induced femoral head osteonecrosis, and there are many questions that require further exploration and research.Purposes: The purpose of this study was to establish a new model of osteonecrosis in mice using angiotensin II (Ang II) combined with asparaginase (ASP) and dexamethasone (DEX) and to study the effects of this drug combination on femoral head osteonecrosis in mice.Methods: Male BALB/c mice (n = 60) were randomly divided into three groups. Group A (normal control, NC) was treated with physiological saline and given a normal diet. Group B (DEX + ASP, DA) was given free access to food and water (containing 2 mg/L DEX) and subjected to intraperitoneal injection of ASP (1200 IU/kg twice/week for 8 weeks). Group C (DEX + ASP + Ang II, DAA) was treated the same as group B, it was also given free access to food and water (containing 2 mg/L DEX) and subjected to intraperitoneal injection of ASP (1200 IU/kg twice/week for 8 weeks), but in the 4th and 8th weeks, subcutaneous implantation of a capsule osmotic pump (0.28 mg/kg/day Ang II) was performed. The mice were sacrificed in the 4th and 8th weeks, and the model success rate, mouse mortality rate, body weight, blood lipids, coagulation factors, histopathology, and number of local vessels in the femoral head were evaluated.Results: DAA increased the model success rate [4th week, 30% (DA) vs. 40% (DAA) vs. 0% (NC); 8th week, 40% (DA) vs. 70% (DAA) vs. 0% (NC)]. There was no significant difference in mortality rate between the groups [4th week, 0% (DA) vs. 0% (DAA) vs. 0% (NC); 8th week, 5% (DA) vs. 10% (DAA) vs. 0% (NC)]. DAA affected mouse body weight and significantly affected blood lipids and blood coagulation factors. DAA reduces the number of blood vessels in the femoral head and destroys the local blood supply.Conclusion: Angiotensin II combined with asparaginase and dexamethasone can obviously promote the necrosis of femoral head and provide a new idea for the model and treatment of osteonecrosis.
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