The traditional influence on the sidewall damage of Micro-LED was mostly focused on the research of I-V-L. In this paper, we discussed the influence of Micro-LED sidewall damage from the perspective of optical and microstructural characterization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the Micro-LED structure with smaller size was more irregular after inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy analysis showed that the area of the upper and lower regions of the quantum well was inconsistent, there was about 2 nm lattice disorder on the surface of the sidewall of the MESA, and oxygen and silicon impurity atoms were enriched. For optical characterization, a method combining laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and photoluminescence (PL) was proposed to evaluate the optical performance of the MESA. The results showed that the luminescence of Micro-LED MESA was uneven, the luminous intensity at the edge of the MESA was reduced by more than 65%, and the luminous wavelength was shifted by several nanometers. Finally, we optimized the sidewall treatment process, effectively improved the performance of Micro-LED devices by combining tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) treatment and SiO2 passivation, and increased the luminous intensity of Micro-LED 2 μm away from the edge by about 4.7 times and PL uniformity was greatly improved. These results provided an available reference for the development of Micro-LED.
Background The anti-tumor properties of curcumin have been demonstrated for many types of cancer. However, a systematic functional and biological analysis of its target proteins has yet to be fully documented. The aim of this study was to explore the underlying mechanisms of curcumin and broaden the perspective of targeted therapies. Methods Direct protein targets (DPTs) of curcumin were searched in the DrugBank database. Using the STRING database, the interactions between curcumin and DPTs and indirect protein targets (IPTs) weres documented. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of curcumin-mediated proteins was visualized using Cytoscape. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was performed for all curcumin-mediated proteins. Furthermore, the cancer targets were searched in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). The overlapping targets were studied using Kaplan–Meier analysis to evaluate cancer survival. Further genomic analysis of overlapping genes was conducted using the cBioPortal database. Lastly, MTT, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and western blot (WB) analysis were used to validate the predicted results on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Results A total of five DPTs and 199 IPTs were found. These protein targets were found in 121 molecular pathways analyzed via KEGG enrichment. Based on the anti-tumor properties of curcumin, two pathways were selected, including pathways in cancer (36 genes) and HCC (22 genes). Overlapping with 505 HCC-related gene sets identified in CTD, five genes (TP53, RB1, TGFB1, GSTP1, and GSTM1) were finally identified. High mRNA levels of TP53, RB1, and GSTM1 indicated a prolonged overall survival (OS) in HCC, whereas elevated mRNA levels of TGFB1 were correlated with poor prognosis. The viability of both HepG2 cells and Hep3B cells was significantly reduced by curcumin at concentrations of 20 or 30 μM after 48 or 72 h of culture. At a concentration of 20 μM curcumin cultured for 48 h, the expression of TGFB1 and GSTP1 in Hep3B cells was reduced significantly in qPCR analysis, and reduced TGFB1 protein expression was also found in Hep3B cells.
Objective To conduct a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to determine the optimal clinical choice of first-line therapy for patients with ALK receptor tyrosine kinase ( ALK) gene rearrangement non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Clinical trials in patients with histologically confirmed ALK gene rearrangement NSCLC, that included ALK inhibitors as first-line therapy, were identified using database searches. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the efficacy and safety of the included first-line treatments. Results Nine trials with 2,407 patients were included for analyses. Lorlatinib was better than brigatinib for progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.63, 0.98). In subgroup analyses, lorlatinib exhibited the highest probability of best PFS ranking in patients with or without baseline brain metastases (38% and 80%, respectively); brigatinib had the highest probability of best PFS ranking among Asian patients (47%). Alectinib offered the highest survival advantage (57% probability), while lorlatinib was likely to be the best treatment for an objective response (41% probability). Alectinib displayed the highest probability of being ranked lowest for grade ≥3 adverse events (86%). Conclusions Lorlatinib was associated with the best PFS overall, and was suitable for patients with or without brain metastases. Brigatinib was associated with the best PFS in Asian patients.
The spacetime around astrophysical black holes is thought to be described by the Kerr solution. However, even within general relativity, there is not yet a proof that the final product of the complete collapse of an uncharged body can only be a Kerr black hole. We can thus speculate on the possibility that the spacetime around astrophysical black holes may be described by other solutions of the Einstein Equations and we can test such a hypothesis with observations. In this work, we consider the δ-Kerr metric, which is an exact solution of the field equations in vacuum and can be obtained from a non-linear superposition of the Kerr metric with a static axially symmetric solution, often referred to as the δ-metric. The parameter δ = 1 + q quantifies the departure of the source from the Kerr metric and for q = 0 we recover the Kerr solution. From the analysis of the reflection features in the X-ray spectrum of the Galactic black hole in EXO 1846-031, we find −0.1 < q < 0.7 (90% CL), which is consistent with the hypothesis that the spacetime around the compact object in EXO 1846-031 is a Kerr black hole but does not entirely rule out the δ-Kerr metric.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.