This study explores the impact of farmland transfer on the multidimensional relative poverty of the elderly in rural areas to provide a reference for the study of rural land transfer in China and improve the welfare system for the elderly. Based on the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) rural sample data in 2018, this paper uses the AF multidimensional index measurement method to assess multidimensional relative poverty in rural areas. Logit regression estimation examines the single index poverty of rural older adults transferred from rural land and the impact of multidimensional relative poverty, using the propensity score matching method (PSM) to analyze the results’ robustness. The transfer of agricultural land has different impacts on the poverty of different rural elderly poverty indicators and negatively affects the comprehensive effect of rural elderly poverty. The transfer of agricultural land significantly alleviates rural elderly poverty. Reasonable and effective transfer of agricultural land, together with improved rural social security and a caring service system for the elderly, will promote the continuous operation of large-scale agricultural operations and alleviate rural elderly poverty.

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It is of great significance to explore the influencing factors of land flow to promote moderate-scale agricultural operation. However, few studies have explored the quantitative influences of land attachment and intergenerational difference on land transfer. Based on the survey data of 540 rural households in Sichuan Province, this study uses factor analysis method to divide land attachment into land satisfaction, land rootedness, and land dependence, and further empirically tests the impact mechanism of land attachment and intergenerational difference on land flow by using Probit model and Tobit model. The results are as follow: (1) land attachment is significantly correlated with land flow-out, but not with land flow-in. (2) Different dimensions of land attachment have different impacts on land flow-out. Among them, land rootedness and land dependence have significant negative impacts on farmers’ land flow-out behavior and land flow-out area, while land satisfaction has a significant positive impact on farmers’ land flow-out behavior and has no significant impact on the land flow-out area. (3) Different generations of land attachment have different impacts on land flow-out. Among them, the land attachment of the new-generation farmers has no significant impact on land flow-out. Among middle-aged farmers, land dependence had a significant negative impact on land flow-out behavior and area, and land rootedness had a significant negative impact on land flow-out behavior; however, land satisfaction had a significant positive impact on land flow-out behavior and area. Among the older generation of farmers, land dependence has a significant negative impact on land flow-out behavior and area, while land satisfaction and land rootedness have no significant impact on land flow-out behavior and area. Therefore, in promoting the practice of land flow, we should pay attention to the differences of farmers’ emotional demands, improve the supporting policies of land flow by classification, reduce farmers’ dependence on “land security”, solve farmers’ concerns on land flow, and promote the rational flow of land factors.

How to protect the ecological environment is an important international issue for achieving the sustainable development goals. Using survey data of 2628 farmers in 52 administrative villages in 13 prefecture-level cities of the China Land Economic Survey in 2020, probit and multinomial logistic regression models were used to explore the influence of social capital on farmers’ willingness, behavior and the transformation between willingness and behavior. The results show that: (1) The consistency between farmers’ willingness and behavior is low; 90.25% of farmers had the willingness to separate waste, but only 48.49% of farmers had actually classified waste, and only 48.22% of farmers had transformed willingness into behavior. (2) Among the three dimensions of social capital, social network, social norm and social trust, all had positive and significant effects on farmers’ willingness and behavior to separate waste. (3) Social network and social norm had a positive and significant impact on the transformation of farmers’ willingness to separate waste into behavior, but social trust was not significant. The research results confirm that the contradiction between farmers’ intention and behavior of waste separation were generally inconsistent in rural areas. At the same time, the results showed that social capital can promote farmers’ willingness and behavior of waste separation and the transformation from a willingness to behavior, which can provide decision-making reference for how to improve farmers’ high willingness and behavior.

At present, the dual pressure of rural labor outflow and population aging in China makes the problems of the rural elderly population increasingly prominent, and its health problem is particularly prominent. Based on the 2014 China elderly population health survey data (CLHLS), this paper finds that the physical health status of the rural elderly has a significant positive impact on their loneliness; that is, the rural elderly with poor health status are more likely to feel lonely. At the same time, the age of the elderly has a significant positive impact on their loneliness. On the contrary, gender, personality, family income and intergenerational support of the elderly have a negative impact on their loneliness. Chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes have no significant effect on the loneliness of the elderly in rural areas, but there is a “severe disease effect”; that is, when chronic diseases develop into serious diseases or acute serious diseases, it can negatively impact the elderly psychologically and produce or deepen their sense of loneliness. Based on the above conclusions, this paper further puts forward relevant policy suggestions from three aspects: constructing a disease prevention and control system for the rural elderly, improving the care and service system for the rural elderly, reshaping rural filial piety culture, and creating a good atmosphere of “respecting, loving and respecting parents” in rural areas.

Rural family differentiation is an important perspective to analyze farmers’ behavior and poverty. Based on the data of 1673 farm households from rural field survey in 2019 in Hubei Province of China, this paper examines the main influencing factors of farm household differentiation on farm household poverty vulnerability from the perspective of the sustainable livelihoods of farm households. On this basis, the contribution of each influencing factor to farm household poverty vulnerability is analysed using the regression decomposition method. The results of the study show that the variables of farm household differentiation have a significant impact on poverty vulnerability, and the net household income per capita, which reflect the vertical differentiation of farm households, and the proportion of non-farm labor, which reflects the horizontal differentiation of farm households. Both have a significant negative impact on the poverty vulnerability of farm households. The regression decomposition method shows that the proportion of non-farm labor force, which reflects the horizontal differentiation of farm households, has the highest contribution to the poverty vulnerability of farm households. Human capital, natural capital, social capital, and physical capital also influence the poverty vulnerability of farm households to a certain extent.