Hybrid heterojunction solar cells (HHSCs) using c‐Si nanowires (SiNWs) as the absorber and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the hole selective transport layer (HTL) have been drawing more and more attention due to low cost process as well as high power conversion efficiencies (PCE). However, strong hygroscopicity of the PEDOT:PSS film causes serious degradation of the HHSCs. To improve the stability of the HHSCs, a kind of silane impregnating agent, isobutyltriethoxysilane (IBTEO), was selected as the additive to be added in the PEDOT:PSS solution. The hydrophobicity of the PEDOT:PSS film is much improved by formation of the hydrophobic silicone. The contact area between PEDOT:PSS and SiNWs is dramatically enlarged and more stable Si‐O‐Si bonds were formed at the PEDOT:PSS/SiNWs interface. As a result, the performance and stability of the HHSCs have been significantly improved. A PCE of 18.2% and a FF of 80.5% were obtained for a champion full solution processed PEDOT:PSS/SiNWs HHSC with 1 vol% IBTEO addition. The PCE remains 78% of the initial value after exposed 300 h in the air for the sample with IBTEO added in the PEDOT:PSS solution, while only 7% left for the control device without IBTEO addition.
oxides are the major features that provide high strength and irradiation tolerance in nano-structured ferritic alloys. Here, we employ density functional theory to study helium trapping in Y 2 TiO 5 . The results suggest that helium is more deeply trapped in Y 2 TiO 5 compared to Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 . Helium occupies open channels in Y 2 TiO 5 , where it weakly chemically interacts with neighboring oxygen anions, and results in less volume expansion compared to Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 , reducing strains in the iron matrix. The corresponding helium mobility in these channels is very high. While its ultimate fate is to form oxide/matrix interface bubbles, transient deep trapping of helium in oxides plays a major role in the ability of NFA to manage helium distribution.
New carbon allotropes can be designed by combining sp, sp2 and sp3 three hybridization states. And the hybridization states or coordination numbers of carbon atoms can be changed by applying high pressure on carbon materials. In this study, a common high pressure phase (named as TBBC) transformed from AB-stacking graphyne or THD-graphene is predicted. Its kinetic stability is examined using finite displacement method. We find that the sp2 and sp3 hybridized carbon atoms behave different vibration features at high frequency region. Both graphene-like and diamond-like vibration peaks occurs. Phase transition energy barriers from both graphyne and THD-graphene to TBBC are estimated. Electronic structure calculations show that the TBBC is an indirect semiconductor with a bandgap of 0.66 eV. The ideal tensile strength of TBBC is high in [0001] and [11¯00] directions, but is weak along [12¯10] direction.
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