Alzheimer's Disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular amyloid beta peptides, and neuro brillary tangles consisted of intracellular hyperphosphorylated Tau in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Most of the mutations in key genes that code for amyloid precursor protein can lead to signi cant accumulation of these peptides in the brain and cause Alzheimer's Disease. Moreover, Some point mutations in amyloid precursor protein can cause familial Alzheimer's Disease, such as Swedish mutation and A673V mutation. However, recent studies have found that the A673T mutation in amyloid precursor protein gene can protect against Alzheimer's Disease, even it is located next to the Swedish mutation and at the same site as A673V mutation, which are pathogenic. It makes us curious about the protective A673T mutation. Here, we summarize the most recent insights of A673T mutation, focus on their roles in protective mechanisms against Alzheimer's Disease, and discuss their involvement in future treatment.
Alzheimer's Disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular amyloid beta peptides, and neurofibrillary tangles consisted of intracellular hyperphosphorylated Tau in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Most of the mutations in key genes that code for amyloid precursor protein can lead to significant accumulation of these peptides in the brain and cause Alzheimer's Disease. Moreover, Some point mutations in amyloid precursor protein can cause familial Alzheimer's Disease, such as Swedish mutation and A673V mutation. However, recent studies have found that the A673T mutation in amyloid precursor protein gene can protect against Alzheimer's Disease, even it is located next to the Swedish mutation and at the same site as A673V mutation, which are pathogenic. It makes us curious about the protective A673T mutation. Here, we summarize the most recent insights of A673T mutation, focus on their roles in protective mechanisms against Alzheimer's Disease, and discuss their involvement in future treatment.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex reproductive disorder which seriously harms female reproductive health and decreases their quality of life. Although spontaneous or assisted ovulation, women with PCOS suffer from poor-quality oocytes and embryos, lower fertilization and final pregnancy rate. Therefore, it is urgent to reveal new pathological mechanisms and discover the underlying therapeutic targets for the reproductive disorders in PCOS. Berberine, one of the famous traditional Chinese medicines, has been shown to improve ovulation and live birth rates in women with PCOS. The effects of berberine on insulin resistance and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism for restoring reproductive health of PCOS are well recognized and widely studied, but much less attention has been paid to its anti-inflammatory properties. Chronic low-grade inflammation as the unifying feature of PCOS may contribute to reproductive disorders in PCOS. Berberine can tune the inflammatory state of ovaries and uterus in PCOS. The anti-inflammatory properties of berberine may provide new insight into mechanisms of berberine in alleviating reproductive disorders of PCOS. Here, we summarize the most recent insights into anti-inflammatory properties of berberine in reproductive disorders of PCOS, inspiring researchers to go in new study directions of berberine.
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