To help students learn how to programme, we have to give them a clear knowledge map and sufficient materials. Question-based websites, such as stackoverflow, are excellent information sources for this goal. However, for beginners, the process can be a little tricky since they may not know how to ask correct questions if they do not have sufficient background knowledge, and a knowledge tree is usually considered more helpful in such a scenario. In this research, a method to infer a knowledge tree automatically from the type of websites and to group documents based on the resulting knowledge tree is proposed. The proposed method mainly addresses two issues: first, the quality of tags cannot be guaranteed, and second, clustering-based methods usually generate the flat schema. The occurrence count and the co-occurrence ratio were used together to identify important tags. Then, an algorithm was developed to infer the hierarchical relationship between tags. Using these tags as centres, the clustering performance is better than applying k-means alone.
Tourism scholars have studied the phenomenon of senior travelers' decision-making behavior. However, few studies have paid attention to the role of colonial nostalgia in senior travelers' decision-making behavior. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the importance of colonial
nostalgia in senior travelers' decision-making behavior in hot springs tourism in Taiwan. The findings revealed that colonial nostalgia is indeed one of the major reasons for Taiwanese senior travelers to visit Japanese-style hot springs. Taiwanese senior travelers' fascination for Japanese-style
hot springs suggested their nostalgia for the Japanese colonial period. Interestingly, the study partially implied that generally reported antipathy of Mainland Chinese towards Japan does not apply to Taiwanese, or the feeling is even opposite. The study highlighted the unique characteristics
of Taiwanese holidaying in Japanese-style hot springs as cultural practices and as a total experience of the foreign culture without actually visiting the destination. Hence, future efforts to understand senior travelers' decision-making behavior should consider the importance of colonial
nostalgia.
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