Introduction: Physiotherapy students are vulnerable to stress due to the challenging scope of study and the dynamic learning environment. Studies found out that physiotherapy students have inadequate physical activity. Thus, sufficient motivation is vital in promoting active lifestyle. This study was conducted to evaluate stress severity and exercise motivation among physiotherapy students in Malaysia. This study also aimed to investigate the relationship between stress and exercise motivation. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 208 physiotherapy students in Malaysia. The Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire was used to evaluate stress severity while the Exercise Motivation Inventory-2 was used to evaluate exercise motivation. Results: Academic-related stressors (2.66±0.66) have the highest score among all the stressors, followed by teaching and learning related stressors (2.47±0.76) and group activities related stressors (2.08±1.01). Top three exercise motivation with highest means were positive health (4.34±0.87), ill-health avoidance (4.19±0.95) and strength and endurance (4.08±1.00). Academic related stressors were not significantly correlated with any of the 14 domains of exercise motivations. Teaching and learning related stressors were significantly positively correlated with affiliation (rs=0.198, p<0.05) and competition (rs=0.209, p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between group activities related stressors and competition (rs=0.166, p<0.05). However, group activities related stressors were significantly negatively correlated with health pressures (rs=-0.290, p<0.05), ill health avoidance (rs=-0.206, p<0.05), positive health (rs=-0.171, p<0.05), weight management (rs=-0.198, p<0.05) and strength and endurance (rs=-0.138, p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that moderate to high severity of stress exists among physiotherapy students in Malaysia, with academic stress as the top stressor. Positive health is the strongest motivation to exercise, followed by ill health avoidance and strength and endurance. This study can be utilized in planning a comprehensive approach to cope with stress and to enhance the exercise motivation among physiotherapy students in Malaysia.
This paper discusses about the methods of ultrasonic nondestructive testing applied in the hydraulic cylinder production process; represents how to detect the defects of the raw material of cylinder barrel such as bubbles, cracks, impurity and test the steel tube thickness with the principle of ultrasonic thickness measurement; introduces how to select raw materials through the measured thickness, detect the defects in the machining process and implement preliminary qualifying examination for assembled hydraulic cylinder. The actual application shows that the method can improve the qualification of hydraulic cylinder production effectively.
Air-fuel ratio, a major parameter of petrol engineer, directly affects the power, economy and indicators of exhaust emission of engine. To make the air-fuel ratio in the best state, the air flow entering into cylinder must be measured accurately. Due to gaseous property of air itself, the flow detection is greatly interfered by temperature and pressure. In the article, we used surface acoustic wave(SAW) technique combined with temperature and pressure compensation and made a detection device for engine intake, which was less interfered by temperature and pressure with high accuracy and wide measuring range. The paper introduced the working principle of SAW air flow sensor and its mathematic model, and discussed the development, signal detection and error processing of sensor. The results showed that SAW sensor could better overcome the interference of temperature and pressure, and then accurately got the air flow value of engine with preferable repeatability and reliability.
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