These results suggest that a short-term (12 weeks) lifestyle intervention had positive effects on blood pressure control and weight reduction in the subjects, but not on their blood levels of adipokines. It is interesting that blood level of baseline leptin was negatively associated with the changes in blood pressure after this short-term intervention.

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Ectoenzyme nucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) gene has been studied in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance (IR). We hypothesized that the difference in genotype may be one of the factors that affect the outcome of intervention. We genotyped 448 men with fasting glucose≥5.6 mM/L, including 371 in subjects with K allele (KK) (69 control group [CG]; and 302 intervention group [IG]) and 77 in subjects with Q allele (KQ+QQ) (13 CG and 64 IG). The web-based intervention based on a lifestyle modification was delivered by e-mail once a month for 10 months. In the KK, IG demonstrated significantly decreased levels of fasting serum insulin (FSI) as compared to CG and homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In the KQ+QQ IG group, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), FSI and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased, and showed further reduction in the HOMA-IR than KQ+QQ CG. After analysis of covariance, K121Q did significantly influence the change of HbA1c in CG after appropriate adjustment. In a multivariate model, BMI change predicted HOMA-IR change (adjusted β=0.801; P=0.022) in KK IG subjects with T2DM. ENPP1 K121Q did not influence the change in IR. However, individuals with T2DM carrying the K121 variant are very responsive to the effect of BMI reduction on HOMA-IR.Graphical Abstract

This study examined how achievement of session goals contributes to outcomes of subjects after participation in a 12-week lifestyle intervention program in men with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thirty office workers with MetS, aged 47.2 ± 6.6 years, participated in this study, from March to July, 2011. The intervention program included face-to-face counseling five times during the 12-week period. Counselors and subjects designed session goals for each round. The average of the goal achievement rate was calculated based on compliance for each round. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their tertiles of achievement rate: Low-compliance group (LC, ＜ 59%), medium-compliance group (MC, 59-70%), and high-compliance group (HC, ＞ 70%). Anthropometry, biochemical index, and nutrient intake were examined at baseline and at the end of the 12-week intervention program. After the intervention, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) showed a significant decrease in the LC group, and waist circumference (WC) showed a significant decrease in the MC group. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), DBP, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) showed a significant decrease in the HI group. Changes in SBP and DBP were significantly lower in the HC group than in the MC group (p ＜ 0.05, p ＜ 0.01). Changes in LDL were significantly lower in the HC group than in the MC group (p ＜ 0.05). Results for intake of total energy, protein, fat, and sodium, as well as rates of carbohydrate and fat intake, showed a significant decrease in all participants (p ＜ 0.05). The change in fiber was significantly higher in the HC group than in the MC group (p ＜ 0.05). The change of fruit serving size showed a significant increase in the HC group (p ＜ 0.01). The number of risk factors for MetS showed a significant decrease in the LC and HC groups (p ＜ 0.05), however, no significant mean differences were observed among the three groups. In conclusion, participation in this intervention program resulted in positive effects on risk factors for MetS, nutrient intake, and dietary habits, especially in the High-compliance group. (Korean J Nutr 2013; 46(2): 156 ~ 165) KEY WORDS: metabolic syndrome, lifestyle intervention program, compliance of session goal, intervention compliance.

The study aimed to examine the long‐term (3‐year) effects of lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular risk factors and dietary intakes in Korean male workers with metabolic syndrome (MS). We conducted a lifestyle intervention trial designed to modify personal lifestyles among 75 male workers (control group, n =45; intervention group, n = 30). The intervention consisted of two phases; a 12‐week main program (face‐to‐face counseling 5 times) and a 30‐week follow‐up program. Assessments included anthropometrics, body composition, biochemical parameters, and nutrient intakes. After the intervention, triglyceride (TG) was significantly reduced in the intervention group (baseline 275.47 ± 172.10mg/dL vs. after 3 years 202.23 ± 123.05mg/dL, p<0.05). HDL‐cholesterol (HDL‐C) significantly increased in both groups (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in nutrient intakes between at baseline and after 3 years. Compared with the control group, prevalence of MS and its risk factors (especially in High TG and low HDL‐C) were significantly reduced after 3 years in the intervention group (p<0.05). Continuous worksite‐based lifestyle intervention showed positive effects on MS prevalence and its components.