Titanium-tungsten oxide composites with greatly enhanced photocatalytic activity were synthesized by lysozyme-mediated biomineralization. It was shown for the first time that simple control of the onset of biomineralization could enable fine tuning of the composition and crystallinity of the composites to determine their photocatalytic performance.

PSS) interlayer. Notably, bilayer-structured OPVs with synergistically integrated WO3 /PEDOT:PSS achieved >60 % enhancement in device performance.