A field experiment was conducted to determine effects of 6 treatments including without fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization (CM), corn straw plus manure (SM), peat plus chicken manure ( PM), mushroom residue plus chicken manure (MM) and high level of chicken manure (HM) on different soil active organic carbon and carbon pool management index. The results showed that fertilization of chicken manure is difficult to prompt activation of soil that contains plenty of fulvic acid, but combined application of different organic fertilizers not only can significantly increase the soil organic matter content, also can balance the proportion between the components of soil humus, improve Hu/Fu. Compared to CK treatment after fertilization, there was a narrow range in HA/TOC, FA/TOC, HM/TOC of HM treatment that was only 4%-8%, but variations of 12%-25% was produced by SM, PM, MM treatment, and its Hu/Fu increased 98% - 292% compared with HM treatment; The quantity of soil microorganisms is enhanced mostly by the treatment of HM, and the increase of bacteria and fungi was the maximum, but the quantity of actinomycetes was increased mostly by MM treatment; high level of chicken manure treatment can increase the risk of nitrate accumulation, but combined application of different organic fertilizers can significantly reduce the nitrate accumulation of vegetables, improving the quality of vegetables. Compared with HM treatment, MM treatment reduces the nitrate content of 45%. Therefore, the results demonstrated that paid attention to the selection of organic fertilizers and its combined application not only would achieve better fertilizing effect, also would better improve the quality of vegetables in organic agricultural production.
A field experiment with six treatments was conducted from Apr. 2006 to Nov. 2008 to study the Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in soil and the effect on the plant uptake after a three years application with using different organic fertilizer. The six treatments were (1)Control (with no manure input), (2)Cattle compost, (3)Biogas residua, (4)Chicken compost (with low level input), (5)Chicken compost (with middle level input), (6)Chicken compost (with high level input). The treatments (2), (3) and (5) had the same total N input. The results showed that the soil ETPA-Cd from manured treatments had increased trend compared with the control after 3 years. The celery which was the last crop during the whole cropping history of the manured treatments (except Biogas residua) had higher Cd content compared with the control, and celery of the chicken compost with high level input had highest Cd content than others. There was a significant relationship (r=0.92**) between the soil Cd content and the celery Cd content. However the soil Cd limitation laws in some countries seem to be strict than the celery Cd limitation law under this soil condition.
Normally, because the water content is generally high in vegetable waste, the quality of aerobic composting can not be guaranteed. In order to solve this problem, this experiment, regarding lettuce waste and pumpkin straw as researching objects, by adding corn straw as auxiliary materials, chicken manure and cattle dung as regulators, conducts research on the process of aerobic fermentation and the ammonia volatilization in this process. The experiment sets up six treatments in total, they are respectively: A1 (lettuce + corn straw), A2 (lettuce + corn straw + chicken manure), A3 (lettuce + corn straw + cattle dung), B1 (pumpkin straw + corn straw), B2 (pumpkin straw + corn straw + chicken manure) and B3 (pumpkin straw + corn straw + cattle dung). After all treatments being mixed, the aerobic compost is conducted through aeration oxygen-supply and the physicochemical properties and material changes in the composting process have been monitored. The results show that: adding cattle dung has a greater impact on the process of vegetable waste composting than adding chicken manure, where, the germination indexes (GI) A3 and B3 adding cattle dung are respectively 7.10% and 3.44% higher than those of A2 and B2 in adding chicken manure; after the composting the C/N of all treatments are lower than their initial values and reach a significant level (P<0.0001), among them, C/Ns of A3 and B3 decrease to the greatest extent, which are 52.84% and 53% respectively; in the whole composting process, the quantity of ammonia volatilization in treatments adding chicken manure (A2 and B2) is significantly higher than that of adding cattle dung (A3 and B3). On the whole, adding cattle dung can better promote the decomposing process in vegetable waste composting and reduce nitrogen loss than adding chicken manure under conditions in this experiment.
Packing materials made of organic or inorganic substances can improve the composting speed or increase the compost quality. Pilot experiments on outdoor composting were carried out to investigate the effect of packing materials on nitrogen losses and compost quality. The results showed that both furfural dreg and mushroom dreg can be used as packing materials in composting chicken manure. Compared with maize straw, furfural dreg and mushroom dreg were more suitable for the industrial-scale production of organic fertilizers. Packing materials can optimize the composting conditions, improve microbial activity, accelerate the composting process, reduce nitrogen losses, and maintain nutrients, thereby improving the compost quality.
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