PurposeEarly pubertal timing in girls is associated with psychological and behavioral problems. This study aimed to evaluate the psychological features of girls who perceived breast development beginning by analyzing their depression levels and self-concept.MethodsFrom March 2007 to December 2012, 93 girls were enrolled and assigned to a pre-8 (younger than 8 years, n=43) or post-8 (8 years and older, n=50) group according to the age at onset of perceived breast development, and their height, body weight, body mass index, bone age (BA), Tanner stage, and luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were examined. We investigated their psychological state with the Korean Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC) to evaluate depression levels and self-concept, respectively.ResultsThe pre-8 group had a significantly greater height standard deviation score, (0.5±1.01 vs. 0.11±0.86, P = 0.048) and more advanced BA (2.07±1.02 years vs. 1.40±0.98 years, P = 0.004) compared to the post-8 group. There were no statistically significant intergroup differences for the CDI and PHCSC scores; however, the pre-8 group scored higher than the post-8 group in the physical appearance and attributes domain of the PHCSC (9.93±2.57 vs. 8.52±3.03, P = 0.017).ConclusionThe timing of perceived breast development among girls who thought puberty to begin did not affect depression levels and self-concept. There was no correlation between Tanner stage and depression levels and self-concept despite the perception of pubertal onset. The pre-8 group had a more positive view of their physical appearance than the post-8 group.

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The study aimed to investigate the occupational exposure to airborne solvents in nail salons and to make clear whether relationships between airborne exposure and urinary metabolite excretion would be still useful as biomarkers. Twenty technicians as exposed group and twenty-one as control group were participated. The airborne solvents, urinary acetone and hippuric acid were determined by gas chromatography, UV-visible spectrometer and GC/MS spectrometry. When evaluated with the addictive effects using geometric mean value of each solvent, overall airborne solvents exposed were very low. Concentrations of urinary acetone and urinary hippuric acid were weakly correlated with those of airborne acetone and airborne toluene. In exposed group, urinary acetone concentration was not significant difference and hippuric acid was only slightly above those in control group. In conclusion, urinary acetone and hippuric acid excretion at low level of airborne acetone and toluene would be inadequate biomarkers.

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