We demonstrated a convenient, flexible and modular synthetic approach for preparation of a small library of DNA encapsulated supramolecular nanoparticles SNPs⊃DNA and RGD-SNPs⊃DNA with different sizes and RGD target ligand coverage for targeted gene delivery.

No abstract

Our results indicated that dehydroglyasperin C may function as a potential anti-photoaging agent by inhibiting UVB-mediated MMPs expression via suppression of MAPK and AP-1 signaling.

We developed nanoparticles that were degraded by HO, a reactive oxygen species (ROS), to study a drug delivery system that targets damaged skin cells with oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, tyrosol-incorporated copolyoxalate (TPOX) was synthesized by using 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenol (tyrosol), and oxalyl chloride (M ∼ 8835 Da). In vitro drug release behavior was assessed by loading nile red, a lipophilic fluorescent material such as quercetin, into the TPOX nanoparticles. The results indicated that the release of TPOX nanopaticles depended on the HO concentration, but was pH-independent. We confirmed that TPOX nanoparticles under oxidative conditions in oxidative- or inflammatory-damaged cells selectively released entrapped nile red through the degradation by HO for contributing to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. For application, we prepared and evaluated the cytoprotective effect of quercetin-loaded TPOX (QTPOX) nanoparticles against oxidative and inflammatory stress. They showed a strong cytoprotective effect against HO-induced cell damage in HaCaT and RAW 264.7 cells. Also, QTPOX nanoparticles inhibited the main factors of LPS-induced inflammation, including iNOS, COX-2, IL-1, TNF-α, and NO production. These results suggest that QTPOX as HO-responsive therapeutic nanoparticles is highly potent and versatile as drug delivery system through selective and intensive drug release mechanism for the treatment of abnormal and inflammatory skin diseases.

Therefore, DGC could be used as a whitening ingredient in skin and clinical usage against hyperpigmentation.

No abstract

These results clearly demonstrate that MAHDP suppresses the expression of melanogenic enzymes through ERK phosphorylation-mediated MITF proteasomal degradation, and suggest that MAHDP may be efficient as a therapeutic agent for hyperpigmentation.

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activities on HaCaT and the whitening effects on B16F1 melanoma cells of Dendropanax morbifera leaf extract. In an antioxidative activity assay using HaCaT cells, the ethyl acetate (50 μg/ml) and aglycone fractions (25 μg/ml) of the D. morbifera leaf extract didn't exhibit any characteristics of cytotoxicity. When HaCaT cells were exposed to a single large dose (800 mJ/cm 2 ) of UVB, the extracts protected the cells against UVB radiation. When HaCaT cells were treated with 10 mM H 2 O 2 and 4 μM rose bengal, the ethyl acetate (6.25~50 μg/ml) and aglycone (6.25~25 μg/ml) fractions protected the cells against oxidative damage in a concentration dependent manner. When the whitening effects of D. morbifera leaf extract were tested in melanoma B16/F1 cells treated with the a-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), the extracts inhibited α-MSH-stimulated intra/extracellular melanogenesis in a concentration dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of the ethyl acetate and aglycone fractions of D. morbifera leaf extract were 21% and 44% at 25 μg/ml, respectively. Both are more effective than arbutin (15% at 25 μg/ml) which is known as a whitening agent. These results indicate that fractions of the D. morbifera leaf can function as cell protectants and natural antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skins exposed to UV radiation by quenching and/or scavenging 1 O 2 and other ROS, and protecting cells against ROS. In addition, fractions of the D. morbifera leaf can be applied to new whitening cosmetics because of their inhibitory effects on α-MSH stimulated melanogenesis in B16F1 melanoma cells.