N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) modifies bladder cancer risk in European populations exposed to aromatic amines in cigarette smoke. The present study was performed to investigate a possible association between NAT1*10 and NAT1*14A genotypes and bladder cancer risk in benzidine-exposed Chinese workers. Based on the cytological gradings of exfoliated urothelial cells according to Papanicolaou, an exposed research cohort was stratified into subgroups. An allele-specific PCR-based procedure was used to detect the polymorphism in the polyadenylation signal at the locus NAT1 T(1088)A. A nested PCR-RFLP procedure was conducted to differentiate NAT1*14A (T(1088)A, C(1095)A, and G(560)A) from NAT1*10 (T(1088)A, C(1095)A). No significantly different frequencies of homozygous and heterozygous NAT1*10 alleles were found among the subgroups with (i) gradings according to Papanicolaou < or = II (18.3 and 40.2%, respectively), (ii) higher gradings according to Papanicolaou (> II; 28.0 and 34.1%, respectively), and (iii) with bladder cancer (26.3 and 34.2%, respectively). The present data show that NAT1*10 neither displayed an association with an elevated grading of urothelial cells nor a clear impact on the risk for bladder cancer in benzidine-exposed Chinese workers. Discrepancies with the findings in European populations could point to ethnic differences in the disposition of aromatic amines.
Self-lubricating bearings are the basic components of the aviation industry, and the precision forming process of bearings is one of the kernel technologies, which is urgent to be self-developed. A method called unconstrained surface directional rolling process was put forward, and then the flow chart of process optimization was designed. Based on the numerical analysis model of rolling process, Latin hypercube sampling method was used for the design-space analysis. By using BPF+NSGA-II and Kriging+PSO algorithms, the rolling process was simulated and optimized, and then the results were verified by experiments. Study shows that by the use of the new proposed process and the optimization methods, the products can get a higher quality; results of optimization and experiments are valid and consistent, comparing with BPF+NSGA-II algorithm, results of Kriging+PSO algorithm are slightly better.
Cellulosic biomass waste from municipal solid and agricultural biomass residue are Second Generation energy source, mainly contain glucose and xylose monomers, were`extensively studied in present research for fermentable sugar hydrolysate in biohydrogen production. Scrap paper cup (SPC), bamboo stem wall (BSW), sugar cane bagasse (SCB) and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) were dissolved in laboratory prepared imidazole ionic liquids; 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl). A comparative study on biomass composition was presented by Van Soest and thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA) method. TGA was proved as comparative, cheaper and faster method in measuring the lignoellulose composition. Experimental result show that the ionic liquids were completely dissolved the SPC, BSW, SCB and OPEFB with high cellulose recovery; 96.00%, 91.34% 87.16% and 99.51% respectively. The used ionic liquids were highly recovered from the mixture at 94% to 99% recovery rate and FTIR analysis proofed that the recycled ionic liquid is principally consistent with the original. The regenerated cellulose was undergo acid hydrolysis to reducing sugars (glucose/xylose) hydrolysate to be used as feedstock fermentation for biohydrogen production. Acid hydrolysis of the recovered cellulose resulted up to 96% sugar conversion. IL-SPC hydrolysate reported higher total sugar conversion compare to SPC (control) due to higher surface area and disintegration of the cellulosic fibril structure resulted from the dissolution process. IL-SPC, IL-BSW, IL-SCB and IL-OPEFB hydrolysate contained higher total sugar compared to SPC hydrolysate even though their cellulose recovery are lower that the SPC (control). Biohydrogen fermentability test of this hydrolysate was carried out using biohydrogen producing bacterium Clostridia sp. Almost 85% of biomass waste hydrolysate substrate was utilized by the bacteria. Up to 196 ml H 2 / 100 ml cumulative bioydrogen production was collected for fermentation using the biomass hydrolysate while 174.91 ml H 2 / 100 ml was produced from the control.
The mechanical properties of car wheel mast have high reliability requirements. The impact test for trial casting aluminum alloy wheel must be passed, which is one of the bench tests. Based the practical case, the integrated finite-element model for virtual test is established, including impact block, wheel, tire, bracket, rubber pad, the standard test load conditions are imposed, and the entire impact process was simulated by finite-element method, the velocity, displacement and kinetic energy curves of the impact block, the stress distribution and the impact force curve of change were obtained. Moreover, using in a typical case, compared with the physical impact test, the model and procedure of the finite-element numerical simulation was verified. The modeling method and calculation procedure given can guide the virtual design of aluminum-alloy wheel, the blindness of design can be reduced, and the development work efficiency can be increased.
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