With
skyrocketing interest and achievement of tremendous research
efforts, perovskite solar cells are on the verge of commercialization.
However, the stabilities of precursors and devices provide challenges
for commercialization. Many researchers have dealt with these issues
separately. Here, we introduce novel diphthalic anhydride-based Lewis
base additives that address the precursor and device stability difficulties
simultaneously. The added Lewis bases showed excellent interactions
with Pb2+ and FA+ cations in the precursor and
perovskite crystal. Accordingly, the facile Lewis-base-added perovskite
precursor exhibited 85% ambient storage stability, and the device
retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 1,000 h of heating at
80 °C (thermal) or 50% relative humidity atmospheric testing
without encapsulation. Furthermore, the interaction between the facile
Lewis base and various cations suppressed the related grain boundary
defects, thus improving the efficiency from 19.58% of the control
device to 22.43% of the target device.
Polygala tenuifolia Willd. is an Oriental plant that is widely distributed in East Asia; but the medicinal plant is a critically endangered species in Korea, where only a few individuals exist. In spite of that, there have been no molecular conservation studies on P. tenuifolia. In this study, we elucidated the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of P. tenuifolia and investigated its phylogenetic position based on the cp genomes of related taxa. Results showed the cp genome was 165,423 bp in length, consisting of a large single-copy region of 83,699 bp, a small single-copy region of 8,044 bp, and two inverted repeat regions of 36,840 bp. In addition, the plastid genome contained 123 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 38 transfer RNA genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. The present study is the first to report the complete cp genome of genus Polygala, information which may be valuable for future molecular phylogenetic and conservation studies on P. tenuifolia.
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