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The impacted buckling problems of the slender composite column have a particular essential engineering meaning for the civil engineering, mechanical engineering, and nuclear power engineering fields. Specifically, the contact duration time and buckling time are of importance to design nuclear reactor. This paper mainly concentrates on the dynamic buckling of a slender composite column subjected to a sudden axial load in a hygrothermal environment. In this study, the distribution of strain of the column is considered nonuniform. The humid and thermal factors are taken into account in the stress–strain relation. Employing the composite material's constitutive relation, the buckling governing equation of the composite column can be obtained. The Galerkin method and Laplace transform are applied to solve the buckling problem of the composite column. In this process, the contact duration time and the buckling time are two significant parameters that are typically considered in this research. In the numerical section, the present solutions are validated by comparing to the result in published research. The effects of the kinetic energy of the impactor, geometrical features of the column, and hygrothermal factors on the buckling solutions are studied as well.

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