In a Mobile Ad-hoc Network, the wireless nodes usually selfconfigure to exchange information without the help of any centralized infrastructure or administrator. There is high mobility and rapid deployment of the mobile nodes. Hence, there is need for multi-hop transmission where nodes can forward other nodes information. A Cross-layer design allows interaction between the layers above or below it. The strict layered architecture may not be the best model for wireless network. It is difficult to optimize the network performance according to different situation without interaction among the different layers. In dynamic network, there is a need for different layers to cooperate closely to meet QoS requirements of the mobile application. This goal can be achieved when the routing layer share the link quality information, channel bandwidth information of the MAC layer. For making decision, the same information may be used by different layers like the link and channel state, topology information and location for the nodes are used by the routing and application layers to compute routes. In this paper, the benefits of crosslayer feedback on mobile nodes and a representative survey are discussed.
The challenging factors in mobile ad-hoc communication are energy resource; hence energy expended for data transmission across the network has to be minimized. MANETs are constrained by limited power so energy management is to be focused. The challenging factors for energy efficient communication is determining energy efficient communication strategies between source and destination nodes through multi-hop networks. The energy efficient strategies need to consider the best route, power associated with each route and the slots during which the routes are to be chosen. In this paper an efficient energy management protocol E-power is proposed. The objectives are to reduce end-to-end delay, increase packet delivery ratio and throughput. E-power is based on IEEE 802.11 power saving techniques. It is proposed to reduce power consumption and reduce transmission latency on useless tasks. The simulations have been done by changing the initial energy, transmission power and receiving power level parameters using NS 2.34 simulators.
The protocols used in mobile ad-hoc networks are based on the layered architecture. The layered approach is highly rigid and strict since each layer of the architecture is only concerned about the layers immediately above it or below it. Recent wireless protocols rely on significant interactions among various layers of the network stack. A cross-layer design (CLD) introduces stack wide layer interdependencies to optimize network performance. The CLD use the state information flowing throughout the network stack to adapt their behavior accordingly. In this paper, CLD based architecture is proposed, where the objective is to provide a solution for power conservation, congestion control, and link failure management. The link quality is determined by the received signal strength at the physical layer. The channel interference, contention and RTS/CTS packets of the MAC layer are used to determine the transmitting power and ensure the Quality of Service at the application layer.
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