SiC nanowires (NWs)
and nanoparticles (NPs) fabricated by carbothermal
reduction of rice straws with/without FeSi catalysts were characterized
by transmission electron microscopy to study the catalyst-facilitated
vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth against the oriented
attachment of the crystals, which underwent 2H- to 3C-type transformation.
The cotectic melt of the FeSi catalyst in the Fe-Si-C-O system turned
out to promote the VLS growth to form straight and occasionally tapered
NWs in contrast to the zigzag ones via the (hkl)-specific
coalescence of the faceted NPs. The SiC NWs showed [0001]2H-directed growth more or less stacked with {111}3C interlayers
following the optimum crystallographic relationship (0001)2H//{111̅}3C; [21̅1̅0]2H//⟨101⟩3C with zigzag {111}3C lateral steps and polysynthetic
twins/faults near the (0001)2H/(111)3C interface.
The FeSi-assisted VLS growth and twinning/stacking fault-coupled 2H
to 3C phase change may be extended to novel green manufacturing and
design of sustainable resources for other semiconductor NWs.
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