1 Methods are described for the determination of mixed function oxidase activity in microsomal fractions from percutaneous needle biopsies of human liver. 2 Activities of needle biopsy samples were comparable with those of wedge biopsy sample obtained at laparotomy from different subjects. 3 Although cytochrome P‐450 content of liver from rat and man was similar, human AHH activity was only 10% of that in the rat. 4 In biopsies with preserved hepatic architecture, AHH activity and cytochrome P‐450 content showed a significant positive correlation. 5 Cigarette smoking significantly increased both AHH activity and turnover number, but not cytochrome P‐450 content, of biopsies with normal architecture. 6 The presence of liver disease caused a significant decrease in AHH activity and cytochrome P‐450 content.
triphosphatase (ATPase) by silver nitrate (AgNO,) in vitro was studied in microsomal fractions or tissue homogenates of canine brain and kidney and human kidney. In microsomal fractions, AgNO, was am indiscriminate inhibitor of ouabain-sensitive (Na' + K' ATPase) and ouabain-insensitive ( Mg2+ ATPase) activities, with 50% inhibition obtaining at concentrations on the order of lo-' to 10+ M. Changing the concentrations of Na', K' , H', Mg", and ATP did not alter the fractional inhibition of Na' + K' ATPase by a constant concentration of AgN(3,. An aqueous suspension of silver sulfadiazine had an inhibitory potegcy similar to AgNO,. It was concluded that silver gives a different pattern of Na' + K' ATPase inhibition than other metallic inhibitors of the enzyme so far examined.S transport of Na' and K' across cell membranes,") contributing significantly to the mechanisms of bioelectrical phenomena, salt and water homeostasis, and transport of nonelectrolytes.(*-"l Cardiac glycosides and numerous metals are inhibitors of this enzyme :iystem.(4~.5) The interaction of certain metals with Na' + K' ATPase may be of physiological, therapeutic, and toxicological significance. Since the characteristics of Na' + K' ATPase inhibition vary nidely among different metals,(6-161 it should be fruitful to examine the metallic inhibitors, not yet studied in detail.Silver binds strongly to Na' + K' ATPase and causes a loss of enzymatic activity at IOM concentrations.'") The following work describes certain characteristics of Na' + K' ATPase inhibition by silver nitrate in canine and human enzyme preparations. A few experiments were done with silver sulfadiazine, a drug of interest as an antiseptic for b~r n s . '~~.~~)
METHODSThe enzyme was prepared from dog tissues obtained at the time of death after an overdose (60 mg/kg 1V) of pentobarbital. Brain tissue was a mixture of cortical Ihhite and gray matter. A human kidney in good condition became available for this study because for technical reasons it could not be transplanted. This kidney nas removed from a trauma victim, and after 4 minutes of warm ischemia it was cold-perfused for 26 hours in an organ preservation unit.'20)Methods for enzyme isolation and assay were described previously.(21) Briefly, tissue homogenates ~~
Table 1 Serum protein binding of maprotiline in young and old subjects Age (years) Group mean range Young healthy 22.6 20-32 volunteers n = 14 Geriatric 82.3 74-95 patients n = 25 % Free maprotiline mean range 10.5 9.1-12.4 11.0* 8.6-15.0 (X-acid glycoprotein (g / 1) mean range 0.73 0.56-1.03 1.37** 0.48-3.10 * P = 0.254 (NS). ** P = 0.0004. Significance values refer to difference between corresponding results in volunteers and geriatric patients using an independant t-test.
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