A series of experiments were conducted to characterize the self-ignition and combustion of thermally cracked kerosene in both a Mach 2.5 model combustor with a combustor entrance height of 51 mm and a Mach 3.0 model combustor with an entrance height of 70 mm. A unique kerosene heating and delivery system was developed, which can prepare heated kerosene up to 950 K at a pressure of 5.5 MPa with negligible fuel coking. The extent of China no. 3 kerosene conversion under supercritical conditions was measured using a specially designed system. The compositions of gaseous products as a result of thermal cracking were analyzed using gas chromatography. The mass flow rates of cracked kerosene were also calibrated and measured using sonic nozzles. With the injection of thermally cracked kerosene, the ability to achieve enhanced combustion performance was demonstrated under a variety of airflow and fuel conditions. Furthermore, self-ignition tests of cracked kerosene in a Mach 2.5 model combustor over a range of fuel injection conditions and with the help of different amounts of pilot hydrogen were conducted and discussed.

Plasma heating using fast waves was successfully performed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) in the H minority regime in deuterium plasmas at 27 MHz and B o = 2.0 T. With 1.0 MW of ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) power injected at a line-averaged electron density of 4.0 × 1019 m−3, the electron temperature increased from 1.0 keV to above 2.0 keV and the loop voltage dropped. An increase in the stored energy by 30 kJ was obtained. The first H-mode plasma of 6.4 s was achieved with a combination of lower hybrid wave and ICRF heating. Density pump-out was observed during L-mode discharges at a high electron density of 4.0 × 1019 m−3. In these discharges, re-attachment of the plasma was observed when ICRF power was applied.

The pulmonary toxicity, induced by multi-wall carbon nanotubes in mice, was studied after 30-day and 60-day inhalation exposure. The mice were exposed to multi-wall carbon nanotubes aerosol with weighted mean concentration of 32.61 mg/m3, once in very two days, 6 hours in an exposure day. After 30-day and 60-day inhalation exposure, the pulmonary toxicity of multi-wall carbon nanotubes was assessed using biochemical indices in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pathological examination. It was found that the aerosolized multi-wall carbon nanotubes did not induce obvious pulmonary toxicity in 30-day exposure group, but induced severe pulmonary toxicity in 60-day exposure group.

We report the experimental observation of ion heating by the mode-converted ion Bernstein waves (MC IBWs) in tokamak plasmas. The MC IBW is created from the fast waves launched from the high-field-side antenna in the HT-7 tokamak in plasmas consisting of deuterium majority, hydrogen minority and 7Li ions. Experimental evidence and numerical simulation show that the interaction between the MC IBW and 7Li ions at the first ion-cyclotron harmonic resonance of 7Li (i.e. ω = 2ΩLi-7) is the main mechanism for radio-frequency power deposition. By comparing with previous experiments of direct-launch IBW flow drive on tokamaks and existing theories, we hypothesize that this MC IBW and 7Li interaction also leads to the observed flow drive effect.