Objective: To determine the best phorophyte species for the adaptation of the Laelia anceps Lindl orchid. (Orchidaceae) in an anthropized landscape. Design/methodology/approach: A completely randomized experimental design with four treatments (phorophytes) was used: Swietenia macrophylla King., Fraxinus sp., Persea schiedeana Nees. and Tecoma stans. (L.) Juss. ex Kunth), with five repetitions per phorophyte and with three L. anceps orchid plants in each phorophyte. The following variables were measured: day to emergence, root length and thickness, and survival at 28 weeks after tying them in phorophytes. Results: Root emergence of L. anceps occurred in less time in S. macrophylla and in Fraxinus sp. at 52 and 54 days respectively; the longest root length (19.11 cm) and number of roots (32.45) were observed in S. macrophylla. However, the root thickness was greater in Fraxinus sp. (0.28 cm). After 28 weeks of establishing the L. anceps plants; 100% survival was obtained in the phorophytes S. macrophylla and Fraxinus sp., 77% in P. schiedeana and 33% in T. stans. Study limitations/implications: The amount of light received by L. anceps in each phorophyte was not measured. Findings/Conclusions: The best phorophytes for the establishment of L. anceps were S. macrophylla and Fraxinus sp. observed, the best development and strength of the roots and 100% survival at 28 weeks.
The intention of this chapter is twofold. On the one hand, I illustrate the complexity of the small software organization, because it is not a reduced version of a large company. Rather, it has very important advantages and challenges. Then, I use organization studies as a multi-disciplinary and multi-paradigmatic link between disciplines, able to reconcile those distinct visions. On the other hand, I open the discussion on the state of crisis affecting software engineering as a discipline. For that, I try to sensitize the reader to the facts surrounding this crisis, but also to the most promising alternative, which is the redefinition of software engineering as a discipline. One of the possible options for that paradigmatic change requires a multi-disciplinary orientation because their positivist roots and the adoption of a constructivist ontology and epistemology facilitating the inclusion of visions non-qualified for a systematic, disciplined and quantitative approach. My position is that only by opening up this discussion is it possible to begin transforming and consolidating software engineering as a strengthened and more terrain-attached discipline because of its powerful theoretical and practical explanatory capacity.
The knowledge on Orchidaceae family fruits becomes useful in new studies, by helping to identify species that are not in flowering period and providing material for in vitro germination of orchid seeds. The hypothesis was that the number of orchid specimens with naturally pollinated fruits, from the central zone of the state of Veracruz, Mexico, would be more than the number of specimens that do not developed fruit naturally. The objectives of this work were: to record the flowering and fruiting periods, to characterize the orchid fruits pollinated naturally or manually. The fruit collection sites were located within the municipalities of Amatlán de los Reyes, Fortín and Tlaltetela. The work was performed between January 2019 and April 2022 (39 months). Ripe orchid fruits were collected. Morphometry was measured by recording weight (g), length (cm) and diameter of the central region (cm), complemented with a photographic record. The greatest fruit diversity of these orchids was observed and collected during the month of March. Forty-two species and their fruits were recorded, which were grouped into 8 subtribes and 32 genera. The genera with the highest number of species were: Epidendrum, Prosthechea and Oncidium, each with three species. Three species bloomed for 11 months: Platystele stenostachya, Specklinia digitale and S. tribuloides. The minor and major fruiting periods correspond to Specklinia digitale and Trichocentrum stramineum, respectively. Given the fact that in all three sites studied the greatest number of species and fruits is associated with natural pollination (27 species, 113 fruits), which exceeds the number of manually pollinated species (15 species, 51 fruits), it is possible to suggest that the largest contingent inhabits environments still compatible with the natural process of their reproduction in these sites.
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