This article presents an active vibration control of seismically excited building structures. The control scheme is based on active disturbance rejection control, which is an attractive alternative technique for structural vibration suppression and practical motion control solution in the presence of parametric uncertainties and disturbances. The proposed active disturbance rejection control scheme uses a generalized proportional integral observer, which allows us to estimate in real time the unknown dynamics and disturbances in the building structure to cancel their effect using a part of the control signal. First, the active disturbance rejection control provides a proportional derivative controller with robustness to external disturbances and uncertainties, and its structure is expressed in a compact error-based form. An important advantage with respect to other methods is that the proposed scheme does not need the system parameters. Moreover, supposing that displacement and velocity cannot be measured directly, an online robust adaptive observer is introduced to estimate both data, required for the proportional derivative controller. The adaptive observer removes constant disturbance and attenuates measurement noise in acceleration data. Under this line, a second active disturbance rejection control scheme is introduced based on a proportional controller that, unlike proportional derivative, it only needs the velocities that can be directly estimated by integrating the acceleration signals and does not require the adaptive observer. An advantage of this scheme is its simplicity to be implemented because it only needs to tune the proportional gain. Furthermore, this scheme has a similar performance of the proportional derivative controller. The effectiveness of the proposed active disturbance rejection control schemes is demonstrated through experimental results of a reduced scale five-story building structure. The results are found to be a good step in that direction, confirming that the proposed method is promising for practical applications.

The article deals with the development of active vibration control of seismically-excited building structures. The control scheme is based on an alternative proportional-derived (PD) controller designed based only on the bandwidth of the system, which is an attractive technique for structural vibration suppression purposes and practical motion control solutions. The tuning method is analyzed employing Kharitonov’s theorem and Routh-Hurwitz criteria, which give necessary and sufficient conditions for choosing the two PD range of gains. Based on modal analysis, the system is transformed into a set of decoupled ordinary differential equations to simplify the PD design. An important advantage concerning a classical PD controller is the proposed PD design only uses the natural frequencies, which are relatively easy to estimates around an experimental test. Moreover, the proposed approach does not need frequently tune the gains parameters, so the design procedure is greatly simplified and, the proposed scheme does not need the system parameters, which generally are unknown. This method allows generalizing the controller design for multi-story buildings without modifying the controller structure, by choosing a scalar parameter. The effectiveness of the proposed PD schemes is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results of a reduced scale two-story building prototype.

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A novel on-line system identification method for shear beam building models, based on a wave propagation approach, is developed as an alternative solution to modal analysis methods for the health assessment of multi-story buildings. A discrete shear beam model is introduced that is used to design an adaptive observer, allowing for the estimation of displacements and velocities, as well as the unknown shear wave velocities and damping coefficients in real-time. The adaptive observer design is based only on acceleration measurements, does not need a coordinate transformation, and uses the normalized recursive least squares method with forgetting factor and a parameter projection scheme to achieve stronger convergence. Moreover, the proposed identification scheme employs a novel parameterization based on linear integral filters, which eliminates constant disturbances and attenuates measurement noise. The algorithm efficiency is demonstrated through experimental results on a reduced scale five-story building.

Aging of buildings during their service life has attracted the attention of researchers on structural health monitoring (SHM). This paper is related with detecting damage in building structures at the earliest possible stage during seismic activity to facilitate decision-making on evacuation before physical inspection is possible. For this, a simple method for damage assessment is introduced to identify the damage story of multistory buildings from acceleration measurements under a wave propagation approach. In this work, damage is assumed as reduction in shear wave velocities and changes in damping ratios that are directly related with stiffness loss. Most damage detection methods are off-line processes; this is not the case with this method. First, a real-time identification system is introduced to estimate the current parameters to be compared with nominal values to detect any changes in the characteristics that may indicate damage in the building. In addition, this identification system is robust to constant disturbances and measurement noise. The time needed to complete parameter identification is shorter compared to the typically wave method, and the damage assessment can keep up with the data flow in real time. Finally, using a robust threshold, postprocess of the compared signal is performed to find the location of the possible damage. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated through experiments on a reduced-scale five-story building, showing the ability of the proposed method to improve early stage structural health monitoring.

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SummaryA novel damage identification technique to estimate stiffness in a multistory building supported on solid ground is presented. Based on a shear building model, a 1-dimensional wave equation for a vertically propagating shear wave is derived. A Ricker pulse is used as excitation signal and propagated through the building. Wave propagation in the building is based on the Thomson-Haskell method, where each story is represented as a single layer in a multiple stratum model. The wave arrival times of the pulse at each story are used to calculate the stiffness of the columns. The involved calculations in this method grow only linearly with the number of stories, as opposed to other identification methods, as modal analysis, that grow geometrically; this makes this approach an interesting alternative method to asses building integrity. Simulation result for a building with heterogeneous characteristics across the stories confirms the feasibility of the proposal.