This article designs an empirical methodology to measure the perceived value of intangible cultural heritage, specifically using the significant example of flamenco. Such methodology is divided into three stages: interviews with experts, to lay out the flamenco creation process and to identify the aspects, which influenced its value; a double system survey for spectators and experts, which determines the perceived valuation of stated aspects; and finally, a correlation and exploratory factor analysis whose results identified three influencing factors on the valuation of flamenco: feelings, virtuosity, and composition elements. The conclusions show how feelings are the key element in its valuation, representing the highest proportion of the accumulated total variance. Due to its findings, this methodology creates a precedent for intangible cultural heritage valuation, which applies to those music genres characterized by local idiosyncratic elements in their creation, such as vallenato (Colombia), and doina (Romania), among others.
En el artículo, utilizando elementos conceptuales de derecho comparado (originalidad) y de economía de la cultura (valor cultural), se expone que la contribución realizada por el intérprete a la obra flamenca no cuenta con una protección acorde con su importancia. La metodología utilizada incluye entrevistas a personalidades del flamenco, que permitieron determinar la estructura de la obra musical flamenca y el diseño de su proceso de creación. Posteriormente, a partir de encuestas, se obtiene una aproximación a la valoración cultural de los agentes que dan lugar a la obra: palo (acervo cultural), autor e intérprete. Conmemorando el 25 aniversario de su muerte, se presenta un caso representativo de la problemática tratada, protagonizado por Camarón de la Isla. En este sentido el trabajo contribuye al estudio de la valoración del intérprete como parte fundamental de la obra musical flamenca y, por tanto, sustenta la demanda de una protección por derechos de autor.
resumen: El artículo pone de manifiesto que los derechos de autor como mecanismo de remuneración y protección del trabajo creativo presentan una limitación en su cobertura. El papel del intérprete en el caso del flamenco en España ilustra esta afirmación. En el artículo a partir de elementos conceptuales de la Economía de la Cultura (valor cultural) y del Derecho Comparado (originalidad subjetiva) se construye un esquema metodológico que permite identificar elementos clave del valor cultural aportado por el intérprete a la obra, p.ej. la altura creativa, la variación distinguible y la novedad suficiente, que, a su vez, le generan un sello distintivo (originalidad subjetiva), que sustenta la demanda de una mayor cobertura vía derechos de autor.
This article aims to determine which variables have effect on the attendance frequency to live flamenco shows. Firstly we have done interviews to flamenco and music industry experts to achieve new-fangled variables in our analysis. Secondly, these variables were valued by flamenco consumers through surveys. Afterwards, with these data, we used a methodology based on different econometric models to obtain the coefficients of the variables. The results show how variables such as educational level, the way the music is listened or the valuation of the performer, amongst others, have an influence on the attendance frequency to flamenco live shows. The article contributes to the scarce empirical literature relating attendance frequency determinants to traditional popular genres by adding never studied before variables, focusing on the flamenco case.
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