Cognitive stimulation is one of the non-pharmacological therapies recommended for dementia intervention. The present study evaluated the efficacy of an intervention based on cognitive stimulation in people with moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Fifty-nine subjects with moderate dementia were randomly assigned to the stimulation group ( N = 36) and the control group ( N = 35). The treatment group received 16 intervention sessions cognitive tasks. All participants were evaluated with a battery of neuropsychological tests at three time points (pre, post, and follow-up). The treatment group showed significant increases in the three domains studied (memory, attention, and executive functions), although some of these effects were not maintained at follow-up. The control group progressively worsened. Cognitive stimulation was found to be an effective intervention for people with moderate Alzheimer’s disease because it helped to maintain memory function, executive functions, and attention. However, the effects were minimized at the 3-month follow-up.
Background: Cognitive stimulation is one of the non-pharmacological therapies recommended for intervention in dementia, consisting of activities involving different cognitive domains and involving brain activation. New technologies can be very useful in this field, favoring intervention tasks. Objective: The objective of this work is to test the effectiveness of a cognitive stimulation intervention mediated with new technologies on a group of people with moderate dementia. Methods: This is a quantitative, quasi-experimental study with a control and treatment group, with three measurement times (pre, post, and follow-up months after the end of the intervention). Ninety-eight subjects with moderate dementia were randomly assigned to the treatment group (N = 50) and the control group (N = 48). The treatment group received 16 intervention sessions including attention, executive function, and memory tasks, which were presented using new technologies and the activity was conducted in a group setting. Control group remained on a waiting list. The evaluators did not know which group each subject belonged to. All participants were assessed with a battery of neuropsychological tests. Results: The results show an improvement in post-intervention outcomes in the treatment group compared to the control group on cognitive variables. No differences were found in mood depression. These results fade overtime after a few months without intervention. Conclusion: This type of intervention is useful to maintain cognitive functioning using new technologies and in a group setting, which favors the intervention. The improvements of the intervention disappear at follow-up, which would indicate the need to maintain the intervention over time.
Studies that analyze the predictors of satisfaction with the health of the elderly are scarce. That is the reason why the objective of this study is to analyze whether the physical-psychological state, sports practice, and the use of socio-health resources are factors that predict satisfaction with health status in physically active elderly people. The Physical Activity and Quality of Life questionnaires were applied to a sample of 397 elderly people in this cross-sectional observational study. The data have been analyzed using Student’s t-test chi-square test, Cohen’s d, Phi Coefficient and Cramer’s V. The results have shown that the lack of physical illnesses (OR = 3.920; p < 0.001) and psychological problems (OR = 1.940; p = 0.032), practicing a high level of physical activity (OR = 2.049; p = 0.001), having high scores in functional skills (OR = 8.059; p < 0.001) and using little social and health services (OR = 2.595; p < 0.001) are all predictors of being highly satisfied with one’s health. In conclusion, predictors associated with high health satisfaction of active older people have been found, such as functional abilities, the existence of physical illness, psychological problems, level of physical activity, frequency of use of health and social services and satisfaction with health and social services; but it is not associated with gender or age of participants.
El objetivo de este estudio era analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del Children’s Negative Cognitive Errors Questionnaire (CNCEQ) en una muestra de población joven. El CNCEQ es uno de los procedimientos de autoinforme más utilizados para medir cuatro tipos de distorsión cognitiva (pensamiento catastrófico, sobregeneralización, personalización y abstracción selectiva) en tres áreas de contenido (social, académica y deportiva). A pesar de ello, no existen estudios que analicen las propiedades del instrumento entre los jóvenes. El estudio utilizó una amplia muestra (N = 2040; entre 12 y 22 años; 50,7% hombres y 47,3% mujeres) de diferentes centros educativos. La validez de constructo se evaluó mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio, y la consistencia interna mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. También se realizaron contrastes de medias para evaluar la validez discriminante y se llevó a cabo un análisis de correlación y regresión para explorar la validez de criterio. Los resultados indican que el CNCEQ permite evaluar las distorsiones cognitivas autodegradantes entre los jóvenes con suficientes garantías psicométricas. Su uso por parte de los profesores les permitirá adaptar sus actividades para tener en cuenta la presencia de distorsiones cognitivas entre sus estudiantes.
Las actitudes se definen como un constructo que implica un estado de disposición mental (aspectos cognitivos y afectivos) que influyen en nuestra percepción, pensamiento y motivación, y dirigen nuestras conductas. Las actitudes se convierten en elementos determinantes para predecir conductas positivas o negativas hacia los demás, especialmente hacia las personas mayores. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las actitudes del alumnado de títulos universitarios de educación, ya que serán los próximos profesionales que eduquen. Conocer las actitudes y variables que puedan influir en estas puede ser un aspecto clave para desarrollar intervenciones posteriores, así como, para mejorar las actitudes hacia el mayor, y, por ende, su atención. Este estudio muestra que la actitud es moderadamente positiva, y que una actitud más positiva está relacionada con tener interés por temas de vejez, y con cuatro fortalezas humanas como son el amor, la bondad, la gratitud y la humildad.
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