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Creating quality online content requires a great deal of effort from teachers. In addition to issues specific to the design and creation of the elements of a course, teachers must face technical hurdles so as to perform common tasks, such as

This paper presents the INDIeAuthor authoring tool, which has been developed at the Digital Content Production Center, Polytechnic University of Cartagena (UPCT). INDIeAuthor has been developed in order for the university to have its own tool that supports all the desired features, in addition to a platform with which to investigate innovative features. When building INDIeAuthor, we have overcome some limitations identified for existing authoring tools: 1) Lack of two essential content reuse mechanisms: defined-user templates and course-independent units; 2) No support to sequence the units on a course; 3) Gamification feature is either very limited or does not exist. Two new aspects of the proposal are: providing a family of four textual domain-specific languages rather than a graphical user interface and applying model-based software engineering techniques during the implementation of the languages. Four essential aspects in the course definition can be specified to the language family: content, assessment, gamification, and sequencing. We discuss the benefits of representing courses as models and present two utilities developed as a proof of concept. This paper also contributes with the definition of a feature model that establishes a conceptual framework in which to compare authoring tools. An evaluation of INDIeAuthor is also presented: a case study was carried to evaluate the language characteristics, and the tool is contrasted with eight widely-used authoring tools. This paper presented here is the baseline of INDIe Erasmus+ European project that is currently ongoing.INDEX TERMS Authoring tool, DSL, model-driven development, educational modeling.

The deenition of a view mechanism is an important issue for object-oriented database systems, in order to provide a number of features that are crucial for the development of advanced applications. Due to the complexity of the data model, the object-oriented paradigm introduces new problems in the deenition of a view mechanism. Several approaches have been deened, each deening a particular view mechanism tailored to a set of functionalities that the view mechanism should support. In particular, views can be used as shorthand in queries, can support the deenition of external schemas, can be used for content-dependent authorization , and, nally, can support some form of schema evolution. In this paper, we f o rmally introduce a view model for object-oriented databases. Our view model is comparable to existing view models for what concerns the supported features; however, our model is the only one for which a formal deenition is given. This formal deeni-tion of object-oriented view mechanisms is useful both for understanding what views are and as a basis for further investigations on view properties. The paper introduces the model, discussing all the supported features both from a theoretical and practical point of view. A comparison of our model with other models is also presented.

The de nition of a view mechanism is an important issue for object-oriented database systems, in order to provide a number of features that are crucial for the development of advanced applications. Due to the complexity of the data model, the object-oriented paradigm introduces new problems in the de nition of a view mechanism. Several approaches have been de ned, each de ning a particular view mechanism tailored to a set of functionalities that the view mechanism should support. In particular, views can be used as shorthand in queries, can support the de nition of external schemas, can be used for content-dependent authorization, and, nally, can support some form of schema evolution. In this paper, we f o rmally introduce a view model for object-oriented databases. Our view model is comparable to existing view models for what concerns the supported features; however, our model is the only one for which a formal de nition is given. This formal de nition of object-oriented view mechanisms is useful both for understanding what views are and as a basis for further investigations on view properties. The paper introduces the model, discussing all the supported features both from a theoretical and practical point of view. A comparison of our model with other models is also presented.

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The ability of learning analytics to improve the learning/teaching processes is widely recognized. In this paper, the learning analytics architecture developed at the Digital Content Production Center of the Technical University of Cartagena (Spain) is presented. This architecture contributes to the field of learning analytics in two aspects: it allows for dashboard customization and improves the efficiency of the analysis of learners' interaction data. Events resulting from learners' interaction are captured and stored in Caliper standard format, to be further processed incrementally to allow dashboards to be shown without delay to teachers. Customization is considered a mandatory requirement for learning analytics tools, however, although some proposals have recently been made, a greater research effort in this topic is necessary. In the present work, this requirement is addressed by defining a domain-specific language (DSL) that allows teachers to customize dashboards. This language allows to express indicators (logical expressions) that classify students into different groups depending on their performance level. The paper also shows how our learning analytics approach was evaluated with a course that applies a flipped classroom method, and how it compares to the most relevant related works that have been published.

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