RESUMEN Los estudios sobre el bandolerismo han estado fuertemente influidos o condicionados por la alargada sombra de Eric Hobsbawm. Algunas de sus obras más leídas consiguieron elevar a esta figura histórica a la principal expresión del conflicto social en el mundo rural y rodearla de tópicos, mitos e ideales postrománticos. Sin embargo, el paulatino incremento de la producción historiográfica ha supuesto la revisión crítica de algunos de los estereotipos, imágenes y construcciones históricas que recaían en el bandolero, dotando de mayor complejidad el significado de sus comportamientos, sus estrategias delictivas, sus actitudes frente a la autoridad y sus relaciones sociales con las comunidades campesinas. De este modo, el propósito de este artículo reside en presentar una actualización del debate, con especial atención al reflejo que ha tenido en la historiografía española, y proponer una serie de ideas y líneas de investigación por las que ahondar en el conocimiento del conflicto rural y sus actores más relevantes. PALABRAS CLAVE: bandolerismo, Eric Hobsbawm, conflicto rural, historiografía, España ABSTRACT Studies of banditry have been strongly influenced or conditioned by the long shadow of Eric Hobsbawm. Some of his works managed to boost the image of the bandit to one of being the main historical expression of social conflict in rural areas and to surround it with stereotypes, myths and post-Romantic ideals. However, the gradual increase in historiographical production in this area has led to a critical review of some of the stereotypes, images and historical constructions visited on the bandit, rendering more complex the meaning of their behavior, criminal strategies, attitudes toward authority and social relationships with rural communities. Thus, the purpose of this article lies in presenting an update of the debate, with a focus on how it has played out in Spanish historiography, and proposing a number of ideas and lines of research that deepen our knowledge of rural conflict and its most important actors. KEY WORDS: banditry, Eric Hobsbawm, rural conflict, historiography, Spain
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