Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been recognized as the causal agent of early mortality syndrome and is currently considered an emerging shrimp disease causing losses of millions in the aquaculture industry. Integral membrane proteins are widely recognized as pathogenicity factors involved in essential mechanisms for V. parahaemolyticus infection, which makes them attractive as therapeutic targets. However, their physico-chemical properties and weak expression has resulted in underrepresentation of these proteins in conventional bottom-up proteomics, making integral membrane proteomics a challenging task. Integral membrane proteins from a bacterial strain isolated from the hepatopancreases of white shrimp with early mortality syndrome and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as V. parahaemolyticus and an ATCC strain that is pathogenic for humans were obtained by a sequential extraction method and subjected to relative quantification and identification by isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation. A homology database search resulted in identification of more than two hundred proteins, 35 of which are recognized as pathogenic factors showed statistically significant differential accumulation between the strains. These proteins are mainly associated with adherence, secretion systems, cell division, transport, lysogenization, movement and virulence. Identification of pathogenicity-related proteins in V. parahaemolyticus provides valuable information for developing strategies based on molecular mechanisms that inhibit these proteins, which may be useful therapeutic targets for assisting the shrimp and aquaculture industry.
This study aimed to establish the combined effect of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) on wild Litopenaeus vannamei hepatopancreas alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity compared with that of farmed shrimp. AP activity in hepatopancreas extract was confirmed by several specific inhibitor assays. AP activity of wild shrimp was higher than that of farmed shrimp (p < 0.05). However, AP activity from both wild and farmed shrimp was inhibited when incubated with AFB1 and FB1. The greatest inhibition occurred when AP was incubated with a mixture of AFB1 and FB1. The IC50 for AFB1 on AP activity of wild and farmed shrimp hepatopancreases was 0.790 and 0.398 μg/mL, respectively. The IC50 of FB1 was 0.87 μg/mL for wild shrimp and 0.69 μg/mL for farmed shrimp. These results suggest that, at the mycotoxins concentrations used in the study, AP from farmed L. vannamei was sensitive to the presence of both mycotoxins; however, AP is more sensitive to the combination of AFB1 + FB1 suggesting a possible synergistic or potentiating inhibitory effect.
Abstract.-Besides participating in the transport of essential compounds and as recipients of phages, transmembrane proteins of rickettsia-like organisms (RLO), play an important role in the infection process of commercially important organisms such as fish, mollusk and crustaceans. Recently a new classification of RLO which divides them into four groups was reported: ancestral, typhus, the spotted fever and transitional. To date, only the typhus (TG) and spotted fever (SFG) groups have been reported as pathogenic of marine organisms. The outer membrane surface of the TG group has antigens type 0, 1, 2, 4, 5 (Sca0, Sca1, Sca2, Sca4, Sca5). Sca0 are also known as outer membrane proteins A (OmpA) and Sca5 as outer membrane proteins B (OmpB). Other outer membrane proteins such as enzymes called translocase (Tlc) have been detected, including translocase 1, 4 and 5 (Tlc1, Tlc4 and Tlc5). All these proteins (except for Sca0) have been detected in the SFG group. These proteins vary in features and functions. However, the information of RLO affecting marine organisms is not as common as that of terrestrial mammals. An analysis of the state of the art on the study of transmembrane proteins of RLO in marine organisms is performed in this review; additionally, the hypothetical infection mechanism of these RLO is inferred by using this information together with that reported of RLO affecting terrestrial organisms.Key words: Rickettsia-like, RLO, TG, SFG, rOmpA, rOmpB, Tlc, ScaResumen.-Las proteínas transmembranales de organismos tipo rickettsia (OTR) además de participar en el transporte de compuestos esenciales y como receptoras de fagos, desempeñan un papel importante en el proceso de infección sobre organismos de importancia comercial como peces, moluscos y crustáceos. Recientemente se dio a conocer una nueva clasificación de los OTR la cual los divide en cuatro grupos: ancestral, tifo, de la fiebre manchada y transicional. Hasta el momento, solo los grupos tifo y de la fiebre manchada (TG y SFG, por sus siglas en inglés 'Typhus Group' y 'Spotted Fever Group') han sido reportados como patogénicos de organismos acuáticos. El grupo TG posee en su membrana externa antígenos celulares de superficie tipo 0, 1, 2, 4, 5 (Sca0, Sca1, Sca2, Sca4, Sca5, por sus siglas en inglés Surface cell antigens). Sca0 también es conocido como proteína transmembranal A y Sca5 como proteína transmembranal B (OmpA y OmpB, por sus siglas en inglés 'Outer Membrane Protein'). Además se han encontrado en esta membrana externa algunas enzimas llamadas translocasas (Tlc) entre las cuales se encuentran la traslocasa 1, 4 y 5 (Tlc1, Tlc4 y Tlc5). En el grupo SFG también se han detectado estas proteínas con excepción de Sca0. Estas proteínas varían en cuanto a características y funciones. Sin embargo, la información de OTR que afectan organismos acuáticos, no es tan común como en mamíferos terrestres. En esta revisión se hace un análisis del estado del arte del estudio de proteínas transmembranales de OTR en organismos acuáticos y se contrasta con la inf...
Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei se clasifica como una bacteria intracelular, Gram negativa y pleomórfica. La enfermedad que causa en camarón de cultivo representa una importante amenaza para la actividad camaronícola, por lo que se requiere conocer su mecanismo de infección. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar mediante análisis bioinformático, las proteínas membranales de Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei homólogas de los factores de patogenicidad de organismos tipo rickettsia (OTR). Para ello se realizó la predicción de genes codificantes de proteínas, utilizando el servidor público GeneMark. Para la identificación de las proteínas integrales de membrana que son factores de patogenicidad en la cepa de Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei, se empleó el software Blast2GO. Los resultados obtenidos muestran 96 proteínas integrales de membrana, reconocidas en la literatura como factores de patogenicidad bacteriana, con valores promedio de identidad mayor de 90 %. La identificación de los componentes de virulencia de Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei representa información relevante para entender en profundidad su mecanismo de infección.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.