<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Identification and appropriate treatment for the streptococcal pharyngitis decreases the risk of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. By understanding the public perceptions and behaviors related to sore throat is considered as the fundamental for disseminating the health programs to control such diseases. The main objective of this study is to understand the epidemiology and microbiology of acute granular pharyngitis and its treatment in a tertiary care teaching hospital of South India.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective and cross-sectional investigation performed by direct interview and written surveys. In this study, school students and their parents were interviewed about the history of sore throats in the last 12 months and treatment received. A focused history and physical examination to detect pharyngitis was conducted and children were referred for follow-up as indicated. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 1550 and 1450 students from 13 and 14 schools participated in the study respectively, along with their parents. Three hundred and thirty six (21.6%) parents reported their child had at least one episode of sore throat in the previous year, and 326 (21%) of students reported at least one sore throat in the same time period.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Girls were reported to have high level of pharyngitis than boys. Parents have variable knowledge about the frequency of sore throat in their children and its management. These results provide insight into current perceptions and practices related to sore throat and will be used to design public awareness activities aimed at reducing the future risks.</p>
Background Hypotension and cerebral hypoperfusion, commonly encountered in beach-chair position under general anesthesia, carry the risk of neurologic complications. There is a paucity of data on monitoring cerebral perfusion. Our objective was to compare the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and middle cerebral artery velocity (Vmca) in the supine and beach-chair position and estimate its correlation during hypotension. Materials and Methods Twenty ASA class I and II patients undergoing elective shoulder surgery in beach-chair position were included in the study. MAP was measured invasively with the pressure transducer leveled to the phlebostatic axis. Vmca was measured with a 2 MHz transcranial Doppler (TCD) probe through the temporal window. Both MAP and Vmca were measured at baseline after anesthetic induction in the supine position (BL), on assuming the beach-chair position (AP), at steady-state hemodynamics in beach-chair position (P1), whenever there was a drop in MAP > 20% (P2), and on the restoration of MAP (P3). Results A mean decrease in MAP and Vmca by 24.76% and 27.96%, respectively, from supine to beach-chair position with a significant linear correlation between MAP and Vmca along with a Pearsons’ coefficient of 0.77 was seen. A change in MAP of 1 mm of Hg resulted in a change in Vmca by 0.53 cm/sec (p < 0.05). Conclusion A significant decrease in MAP and Vmca was observed in the beach-chair position. TCD could be used as a point-of-care noninvasive technique to reliably assess cerebral perfusion.
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