-Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a nutritionally demanding crop, and phosphorus (P) is a nutrient that exerts a large effect on tuber yield. However, as the availability of P is influenced by soil texture, there are doubts about how P supplementation affects the growth and yield of potato plants in different soil textures. Thus, here we aimed to evaluate the effect of P fertilization and soil texture on the nutrition, growth, tuber yield, and P use efficiency (PUE) of potato plants. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in a randomized block design with a 4×2 factorial scheme and five replications. The treatments were represented by four P rates (10, 50, 100, and 200 mg dm -3 P) and two soil textures (clayey and sandy). The concentrations of P, Ca, and Mg in the leaves were higher in sandy soil, and P rates increased the concentrations of N, P, and Ca in the leaves of potato plants. Phosphorus fertilization increased plant growth, the amount of P accumulated in the shoot, and tuber yield in both soils; this trend was stronger in the potato cultivated in the clayey soil than in the sandy soil. The applied-PUE was not affected by soil texture. In the potato cultivated in the sandy soil, the taken up-PUE was reduced due to the decrease in dry matter production and an increase in P concentration in the organs of the plant with higher P fertilizer rates.Keywords: Solanum tuberosum. Sandy soil. Clayey soil. Dry matter. Phosphorus accumulation.ADUBAÇÃO FOSFATADA E TEXTURA DO SOLO INFLUENCIAM NA PRODUTIVIDADE DA BATATA RESUMO -A batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) é uma cultura nutricionalmente exigente e o fósforo (P) é um dos nutrientes que exerce grande efeito sobre a produtividade de tubérculos. Porém, como a disponibilidade de P é influenciada pela textura do solo, existem dúvidas de como o fornecimento de P afeta o crescimento e a produtividade das plantas de batata em solos de texturas diferentes. Assim, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar o efeito da adubação fosfatada e da textura do solo na nutrição, crescimento, produtividade e eficiência de uso (EU) do P das plantas de batata. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação no delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4×2, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram representados por quatro doses de P (10, 50, 100 e 200 mg dm -3 P) e duas texturas de solo (argiloso e arenoso). Os teores foliares de P, Ca e Mg foram maiores no solo arenoso e as doses de P aumentaram os teores de N, P e Ca nas folhas. A adubação fosfatada aumentou o crescimento das plantas, a quantidade de P acumulada na parte aérea e a produtividade de tubérculos em ambos os solos, porém, de forma mais expressiva e até maiores doses na batata cultivada no solo argiloso. A EU do P aplicado não foi afetada pela textura do solo. Na batata cultivada no solo arenoso, a EU do P absorvido foi reduzida em função da diminuição na produção de MS e aumento nos teores de P nos órgãos da planta com fornecimento de altas doses de P.Palavras-chave: Solanum tuberosum. ...
Onde o cultivo do feijão é realizado por agricultores familiares sem grandes investimentos em insumos, a adubação orgânica pode vir a suplementar ou, até mesmo, substituir os adubos químicos, a longo prazo, na lavoura. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo do feijão comum cultivado com esterco bovino, biofertilizante, inoculante, adubação mineral e diferentes combinações desses. O experimento foi realizado em condições de sequeiro, no município de São João-PE, no ano agrícola de 2013. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, constituído por nove tratamentos ( T - testemunha; E - esterco; B - biofertilizante; I - inoculante; EI - esterco + inoculante; BI – biofertilizante + inoculante; EB - esterco + biofertilizante; EBI - esterco + biofertilizante + inoculante; AM - adubação mineral). O esterco bovino (40 t ha-1), quer isolado (E), quer associado ao biofertilizante e/ou inoculante (EI, EB, EBI), proporcionou aumento significativo no comprimento de vagem, no número de vagem por planta, bem como no rendimento da palha e na produtividade da cultura do feijão. Os métodos alternativos de adubação (E, EI, EB, EBI) podem substituir a fertilização mineral no cultivo de feijão, contudo, o inoculante e o biofertilizante não devem ser empregados de maneira isolada para produção do feijão comum de sequeiro.
Crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst. ex R.E. Fries) is an oilseed crop that can be cultivated in tropical conditions and used for the production of industrial oil. While crambe is believed to be a suitable crop for no-tillage systems, identification of appropriate crop species to precede it is necessary to improve its grain yield and oil content. In this study, we aimed to assess the short-term effects of crop rotation on the grain yield and oil content of a crambe crop cultivated after spring-summer cover crops. The experiment was conducted on an Rhodic Hapludox soil in Santa Helena-PR, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with four replications. The plots consisted of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), grass brachiaria (Brachiaria brizantha), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) and a fallow area (spontaneous vegetation). Grain yield, oil content, and oil yield were measured. Crambe oil content was influenced by the cover crops. The use of crotalaria as predecessor species resulted in higher oil content, but the result did not differ from that observed in the fallow area. However, grain yield and oil content were benefited by the crotalaria cover crop in the short-term. Crambe looks promising as an alternative oilseed crop for South Brazil when seeded in autumn with crotalaria cover crop in Rhodic Hapludox.
The use of plant growth regulators on castor (Ricinus communis L.) plants may be an alternative to reduce excessive vegetative growth, which would ease harvest and even increase seed and oil yield. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of both spraying time and rate of the plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride (MC) on growth parameters, yield components, seed yield, and seed oil content of castor cultivar IAC 2028 cultivated under high plant population density conditions in a spring–summer growing season in Botucatu, southeastern Brazil. One greenhouse experiment and two field experiments were performed. Mepiquat chloride application reduced leaf growth, height, and dry matter (DM) and increased the shoot/root ratio of castor plants. When sprayed during the vegetative phase (expanded leaf at nodes 6–8 of the primary stem), MC reduced the height and DM of castor plants; however, application during the first raceme flowering or at two sequential times (expanded leaf at the eighth node of the primary stem and third expanded leaf on a secondary stem) was more effective at reducing plant height and increasing seed yield. Spray rates between 100 and 200 g a.i. ha−1 of MC resulted in lower plant height and a greater number of filled fruits per raceme (24.0–38.8%), seed weight (2.6% in one experiment), and seed yield (17.4–33.1%). The increased number of filled fruits per raceme in response to MC application influenced seed yield. Mepiquat chloride spraying did not affect castor seed oil content.
Water deficit may affect the expression of lepidoptera-controlling proteins in cotton. However, it is unknown if there is a differential response of conventional and Bt cotton cultivars to water deficit, what could potentially affect the plant competition with weeds. The objective of this work was to investigate the response of Bt cotton cultivars to water deficit compared with their conventional near-isolines. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, where the cotton cultivars FMT 705, FMT 709 and IMACD 8276, with and without the Bt gene, were grown under two water regimens: 100% and 50% (moderate water deficit) of available soil water. Cotton phenology was severely affected by moderate water deficit, with a reduction in shoot and root dry matter production, root length and diameter, plant height and leaf area. No effect of the Bt gene was observed. Water deficit during cotton flowering decrease stomatal conductance, net assimilation of CO2 and transpiration rates. The leaf water potential is lower in plants exposed to a moderate water deficit compared with non-stressed plants. However, the introgression of the Bt gene does not modify cotton physiological and phenotypic response to water deficit.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.