The United States has had three operational numerical weather prediction centers since the Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit was closed in 1958. This led to separate paths for U.S. numerical weather prediction, research, technology, and operations, resulting in multiple community calls for better coordination. Since 2006, the three operational organizations—the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Navy, and the National Weather Service—and, more recently, the Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, have been working to increase coordination. This increasingly successful effort has resulted in the establishment of a National Earth System Prediction Capability (National ESPC) office with responsibility to further interagency coordination and collaboration. It has also resulted in sharing of data through an operational global ensemble, common software standards, and model components among the agencies. This article discusses the drivers, the progress, and the future of interagency collaboration.
Building an Interannual to Decadal Prediction and Projection Capability for Decision Support What: While no federal agency has a mandate for climate prediction beyond 2 years, this workshop, attended by 70 participants representing 10 federal and state agencies, the Federal Office of Management and Budget, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, federal laboratories, private industry, and universities, explored the need, the scientific and technological capability, and the coordination required to deliver a reliable suite of products on decadal time scales. When: 4-
Effects of oceanographic variation with distance on long-range, low-frequency acoustic propagation in the Iceland-Faeroes front region of the ocean are considered in the presence of realistic topographic variations. A numerical model using a parabolic approximation to the Helmholtz equation, a fluid sediment parametrization and variable topography, is used to calculate acoustic propagation. Oceanographic sound-speed fields output from the Harvard Open Ocean Model, supplemented by climatology in deep regions, provide input sound-speed profiles. Two different propagation transects are considered, both running from shallow to deep water across a developing eddy and across the front. Source depths near the surface, middle, and bottom of the shallow starting profile are studied. Some cases of near invariance to oceanographic changes are found, as are other cases of locally large oceanographic effects (> 30 dB).
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