Previous studies have reported better speech-in-noise (SIN) recognition in musicians than nonmusicians while others have failed to observe this "musician SIN advantage." Here, we aimed to clarify equivocal findings and determine the most relevant perceptual and cognitive factors that do and do not account for musicians' benefits in SIN processing. We measured performance in musicians and nonmusicians on a battery of SIN recognition, auditory backward masking (a marker of attention), fluid intelligence (IQ), and working memory tasks. We found that musicians outperformed nonmusicians in SIN recognition but also demonstrated better performance in IQ, working memory, and attention. SIN advantages were restricted to more complex speech tasks featuring sentence-level recognition with speech-on-speech masking (i.e., QuickSIN) whereas no group differences were observed in non-speech simultaneous (noise-on-tone) masking. This suggests musicians' advantage is limited to cases where the noise interference is linguistic in nature. Correlations showed SIN scores were associated with working memory, reinforcing the importance of general cognition to degraded speech perception. Lastly, listeners' years of music training predicted auditory attention scores, working memory skills, general fluid intelligence, and SIN perception (i.e., QuickSIN scores), implying that extensive musical training enhances perceptual and cognitive skills. Overall, our results suggest (i) enhanced SIN recognition in musicians is due to improved parsing of competing linguistic signals rather than signal-in-noise extraction, per se, and (ii) cognitive factors (working memory, attention, IQ) at least partially drive musicians' SIN advantages.

Studies suggest that long-term music experience enhances the brain's ability to segregate speech from noise. Musicians' "speech-in-noise (SIN) benefit" is based largely on perception from simple figure-ground tasks rather than competitive, multitalker scenarios that offer realistic spatial cues for segregation and engage binaural processing. We aimed to investigate whether musicians show perceptual advantages in cocktail party speech segregation in a competitive, multi-talker environment. We used the coordinate response measure (CRM) paradigm to measure speech recognition and localization performance in musicians vs. non-musicians in a simulated 3D cocktail party environment conducted in an anechoic chamber. Speech was delivered through a 16-channel speaker array distributed around the horizontal soundfield surrounding the listener. Participants recalled the color, number, and perceived location of target callsign sentences. We manipulated task difficulty by varying the number of additional maskers presented at other spatial locations in the horizontal soundfield (0-1-2-3-4-6-8 multi-talkers). Musicians obtained faster and better speech recognition amidst up to around eight simultaneous talkers and showed less noise-related decline in performance with increasing interferers than their non-musician peers. Correlations revealed associations between listeners' years of musical training and CRM recognition and working memory. However, better working memory correlated with better speech streaming. Basic (QuickSIN) but not more complex (speech streaming) SIN processing was still predicted by music training after controlling for working memory. Our findings confirm a relationship between musicianship and naturalistic cocktail party speech streaming but also suggest that cognitive factors at least partially drive musicians' SIN advantage.

279 Background: Oral chemotherapy is a progressively growing portion of antineoplastic agents. Although convenient for the patient, it creates a unique challenges for the drug complacency and safety. To address these issues variety of programs and solutions were proposed, ranging from the smart pill bottles and mobile phone applications to telemedicine monitoring programs. This presentation describes development and implementation of the integrated monitoring program within a large health care system and assess impact of this program on patients safety and compliance. Methods: This is a retrospective, quasi-experimental study that compared outcomes of the patients treated with capecitabine, before and after implementation of OCMP (Oral Chemotherapy Management Program) in the Henry Ford Health System. The primary outcome was incidence of all grade and specifically grade 3-4 toxicities commonly associated with capecitabine. Secondary outcomes included emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations due to toxicity, adherence rates, and number of clinical interventions. Results: The incidence of adverse effects of Any Grade was significantly lower in the post-OCMP group compared to pre-OCMP group (70.3% vs 58.9%; 95% CI, 0.39-0.94; P = 0.03). All grade and grade 3-4 nausea, vomiting and diarrhea along with grade 3-4 hand-foot syndrome were significantly lower in the post-OCMP group, as well as decreased ED visits (18.9% vs. 8.6%; P = 0.005) and hospitalizations due to toxicities (17.1% vs. 6.3%; P = 0.002). The study also found higher adherence rates in the post-OCMP group. In the post-OCMP period, more than 50% of the patients required clinical interventions by OCMP nurse, mostly for side effect management. Conclusions: Administration of capecitabine on OCMP reduced rate of higher grade adverse events, most likely due to early intervention. OCMP implementation was associated with decreased rate of ED visits and hospitalizations due to the side effects. Patients who were managed by OCMP had higher adherence rates to the prescribed oral chemotherapy.

The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze questionnaires subjected to children with hearing loss. For this, the following criteria have been set in collecting literatures: 1) questionnaires for less than 12 year old children with hearing loss, 2) questionnaires measuring and evaluating abilities related to peripheral and central hearing abilities, 3) questionnaires published or introduced as research articles with evidence at least two times. Through these criteria, total of 25 questionnaires were selected for the study. Questionnaires were categorized by objectives (central or peripheral listening abilities) and by users (parent, teacher, or child). The selected questionnaires analyzed separately as 8 descriptive information (reference, age range, purpose, factors assessed, number of items, response format, presence of interview, and translation) and analytic information (norms, test-retest reliability, validity, and feasibility). 7 out of the 25 questionnaires were translated to Korean (CHAPPS, SAB, FAPC, IT-MAIS, LittlEARS, SSQ), and the result of the study assessed ABEL, PEACH, TEACH, LIFE-R, SAB, and P-APHAB as highly credible questionnaires. It is important to note that there are no questionnaires for teachers and children other than SSQ in the scope of evaluation of peripheral listening abilities, and is necessary to translate and introduce above named questionnaires in Korea to expand the selection range for questionnaires subjected to children with hearing loss.