This meta‐analysis attempts to offer an overall cumulative effect estimate of the parental style–consumer socialization relationship(s) across 73 studies examining child outcomes, including 173 unique consumer socialization dependent variables—ranging from understanding advertising practices to weight status to theft—among approximately 200,000 child respondents. This meta‐analysis offers two contributions to the consumer socialization literature. It systematically confirms the influence that parental Restrictiveness (relative to Permissiveness) has on raising children adept at positively interacting—and avoiding negative interactions—with the marketplace and related environments. Also, this meta‐analysis supports prior literature's depiction of the Authoritative parenting style as especially important to these positive interactions with the marketplace, in particular among older children and psychosocial‐type outcomes. Finally, this research is the first to provide a comprehensive confirmation of differences in child thinking, believing, doing, choosing not to do, feeling, etc. as attributable to different parental styles.
Objective. We sought to establish a relationship between negative political behavior of key firm members and consumer evaluations of the firm through an attribution theories extension. Method. We sample and code approximately 1,500 Tweets surrounding Dan Cathy's political beliefs about marriage and Taco Bell's response to a lawsuit regarding beef. Results. Consumers are more likely to attribute a volitional event (CEO political disapproval) toward the firm than toward societal elements. However, consumers experienced a greater degree of negative affect following the situational than the volitional event. Conclusion. While none of the consumers who attributed this situation toward Taco Bell also communicated decisions to no longer return for Taco Bell products, approximately 15 percent of the consumers who attributed Dan Cathy's political beliefs toward Chick-fil-A communicated intentions to no longer return to Chick-fil-A. A firm operated by a political CEO could lose 15 percent of all its consumers.It is not uncommon for leaders in industry to also take the lead in politics. It is of little surprise when the media reports on chief executive officer (CEO) politics, such as a plea from Starbucks CEO, Howard Schultz, to cease political contributions (CBS News, 2011) or major contributions in support of gay marriage by Amazon CEO, Jeff Bezos (Bingham, 2012). While these examples seemingly have little to nothing to do with the product the CEO represents, this research asks the following question: Do consumers attribute negative media portrayals of industry leaders toward the product itself?Researchers are calling for more examination of changes in consumer trust after public scrutiny of a firm through new media outlets (e.g., Twitter) (Hennig-Thurau et al., 2010). Drawing from both attribution theory and the accessibility-diagnosticity framework, we contend that consumers will attribute negative, controversial CEO political behavior, even if unrelated to firm operations, toward the firm, creating a spill-over effect. As an attempt to answer these research questions, social media posts surrounding two cases of negative media portrayal of CEO behaviors, one surrounding politics (i.e., Chick-fil-A) and one surrounding products (i.e., Taco Bell), are analyzed with special attention to consumer attribution. Thus, the objective of this research is to compare and contrast both the consumer attribution process and firm consequences of volitional and situational events.There is an abundance of research that examines CEO leadership style and/or personality (e.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.