Competency-based education (CBE) is a viable educational approach to close a training gap between ever-changing health challenges and pharmacy and pharmaceutical education curricula. However, the implementation of CBE into initial professional education and training (IPET) for pharmacists is slow. Thus, the development of a handbook to guide academics, educators, and practitioners in implementing CBE would be beneficial. This paper describes the process of developing a handbook to support educators in implementing CBE principles in IPET for pharmacists and pharmaceutical scientists. The project involves three phases: (1) a systematic review, (2) a global survey, and (3) the development of a handbook. The handbook provides guidance and a stepwise approach to implementing CBE in pharmacy curricula, which is particularly useful in resource-limited settings where curriculum overhaul using CBE principles might be challenging.
This paper challenges the western concept of graduate employability as a measure of student success through a case study of a collaboration between pharmacy colleagues in universities in Nairobi, Kenya and Nottingham, UK. As Pharmacy programmes globally adapt their courses to a competency-based education (CBE) approach, we outline the implications of this for graduate success in Kenya. The Ministry of Education in Kenya recently announced a move to CBE across all educational sectors. This has led to a reconfiguring of how pharmacy is not only taught, but also assessed, and what success means for pharmacy graduates in Kenya. The collaboration has highlighted the need for key stakeholders to work together and influence policy change, and redefine employability in terms of behaviours that meet country-wide needs. We outline some of the processes and collaborations we formed to redevelop pharmacy programmes in Kenya, and suggest recommendations for continuing partnerships and sustainability.
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