This paper provides an overview of short and long-term art therapy treatment approaches, used in the USA, for military service members with post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury. The described clinical approaches are based on the theoretical foundations and the art therapists' experiences in providing individualised care for the unique needs of the patient population. The art therapy models and directives are designed to be more therapist-led in the short-term model, moving on to an increasingly patient-led format in the long-term treatment model. The overall objectives of art therapy are: to support identity integration, externalisation, and authentic self-expression; to promote group cohesion; and to process grief, loss, and trauma. In addition, programme evaluation is used in both settings as a means to understand participants' experiences and the perceived value of art therapy.

Background: Coloring books for adults have become a ubiquitous presence in retail outlets worldwide and in the visual cultural landscape. The goal of this study was to determine differences in outcomes between art therapist-facilitated open studio and individual coloring. Methods: The study used a within-subjects experimental design. Healthy adult participants (aged 19-67 years) were invited to engage in one session each of individual coloring, and open studio facilitated by an art therapist. A total of 36 participants enrolled in the study; 29 completed pre-and post-surveys for both conditions. Outcomes measured included positive and negative affect, perceived stress, self-efficacy, and creative agency. Results: The art therapist-facilitated open studio condition resulted in superior improvements in positive affect, creative agency, and self-efficacy compared to the coloring condition. Both conditions resulted in lowered stress and reduced negative affect. Discussion and implications: The results indicated that coloring might have therapeutic benefits on distress; however, only the art therapist-facilitated open studio session showed significant improvements in self-efficacy, self-perceptions of creativity, and positive mood. Art therapists might consider using the phenomenon of coloring as a doorway to art therapy and more spontaneous creative and self-expression for transformative change. Future studies should seek to identify the unique mechanism of change through which art therapist-facilitated art making explains the shifts in positive affect, creative agency, and self-efficacy. R ESUM E Contexte : Les livres a colorier pour adultes sont d esormais omnipr esents dans les magasins partout dans le monde et dans le paysage culturel visuel. Le but de cette etude etait d' etablir les diff erences entre les r esultats obtenus dans le cadre d'un studio ouvert facilit e par un art-th erapeute et le coloriage individuel. M ethodes : L' etude a eu recours a un devis exp erimental intra-sujets. Des participants adultes en bonne sant e (âg es de 19 a 67 ans) ont et e invit es a participer a une session de coloriage individuel et a un studio ouvert anim e par un art-th erapeute. Au total, 36 personnes se sont inscrites a l' etude ; 29 d'entre elles ont r epondu a un questionnaire avant et apr es l'intervention. Les r esultats mesur es portaient sur les affects positifs et n egatifs, le stress perçu, le sentiment d'efficacit e personnelle et l'agentivit e cr eatrice. R esultats : La situation de studio ouvert anim e par un art-th erapeute a donn e lieu a de plus grandes am eliorations en ce qui concerne les affects positifs, l'agentivit e cr eatrice et le sentiment d'efficacit e personnelle, comparativement a la situation de coloriage. Les deux situations ont entraîn e une diminution du stress et de l'affect n egatif. Discussion et implications : Les r esultats indiquent que le coloriage peut avoir des effets th erapeutiques sur la d etresse ; toutefois, seule la session en studio ouvert anim ee par un artth erapeute a e...

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